如何用Java运行bash命令

在Java世界，我们常用ProcessBuilder运行bash命令，用法解释见两篇参考文献，这里直接上我的代码。

package org.example.bashrunner;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder("bash", "-c", "ls /c");
        Process process = processBuilder.start();
        StreamGobbler streamGobbler = new StreamGobbler(process.getInputStream(), System.out::println);
        Future<?> future = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(streamGobbler);
        int exitCode = process.waitFor();
        assert exitCode == 0;
        future.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    static class StreamGobbler implements Runnable {
        private InputStream inputStream;
        private Consumer<String> consumeInputLine;

        public StreamGobbler(InputStream inputStream, Consumer<String> consumeInputLine) {
            this.inputStream = inputStream;
            this.consumeInputLine = consumeInputLine;
        }

        public void run() {
            new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)).lines().forEach(consumeInputLine);
        }
    }
}

在IDE运行这段代码，你会得到类似结果：

D:\sandbox\Java\jdk-17.0.2\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\sandbox\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2021.2.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=50411:D:\sandbox\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2021.2.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\sandbox\code\bashrunner\target\classes;D:\sandbox\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;D:\sandbox\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\sandbox\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar org.example.bashrunner.Main
$Recycle.Bin
$WinREAgent
Config.Msi
Documents and Settings
DumpStack.log
DumpStack.log.tmp
IQIYI Video
Intel
LenovoQMDownload
PerfLogs
Program Files
Program Files (x86)
ProgramData
Recovery
System Volume Information
Users
Windows
bfMedia
hiberfil.sys
pagefile.sys
swapfile.sys

如果碰到类似的错误： Cannot run program "bash": CreateProcess error=2, 系统找不到指定的文件。

D:\sandbox\Java\jdk-17.0.2\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\sandbox\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2021.2.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=65187:D:\sandbox\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2021.2.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\sandbox\code\bashrunner\target\classes;D:\sandbox\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.25\slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar;D:\sandbox\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\sandbox\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar org.example.bashrunner.Main
Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "bash": CreateProcess error=2, 系统找不到指定的文件。
	at java.base/java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1143)
	at java.base/java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1073)
	at org.example.bashrunner.Main.main(Main.java:13)
Caused by: java.io.IOException: CreateProcess error=2, 系统找不到指定的文件。
	at java.base/java.lang.ProcessImpl.create(Native Method)
	at java.base/java.lang.ProcessImpl.<init>(ProcessImpl.java:494)
	at java.base/java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(ProcessImpl.java:159)
	at java.base/java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1110)
	... 2 more

Process finished with exit code 1

需要把Git的路径加到环境变量Path

参考

https://www.baeldung.com/run-shell-command-in-java

https://mkyong.com/java/how-to-execute-shell-command-from-java/