python高效爬虫（一、多线程）

多线程爬虫

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1 多线程实现思路剖析

1. 把爬虫中的每个步骤封装成函数，分别用线程去执行
2. 不同的函数通过队列相互通信，函数间解耦
   

2 案例

# coding=utf-8
import requests
from lxml import etree
from queue import Queue
import threading


class Qiubai:
    def __init__(self):
        self.temp_url = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/{}/"
        self.headers= {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X \
        10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36"}
        self.url_queue = Queue()
        self.html_queue = Queue()
        self.content_list_queue = Queue()

    def get_url_list(self):#获取url列表
        for i in range(1,14):
            self.url_queue.put(self.temp_url.format(i))

    def parse_url(self):
        while True: #在这里使用，子线程不会结束，把子线程设置为守护线程
            url = self.url_queue.get()
            print(url)
            response = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers)
            self.html_queue.put(response.content.decode())
            self.url_queue.task_done()


    def get_content_list(self):  #提取数据
        while True:
            html_str = self.html_queue.get()
            html = etree.HTML(html_str)
            div_list = html.xpath("//div[@id='content-left']/div")
            content_list = []
            for div in div_list:
                content = {}
                content["content"] = div.xpath(".//div[@class='content']/span/text()")
                content_list.append(content)
            self.content_list_queue.put(content_list)
            self.html_queue.task_done()

    def save_content_list(self):
        while True:
            content_list = self.content_list_queue.get()
            pass
            self.content_list_queue.task_done()

    def run(self):
        thread_list = []
        #1.url_list
        t_url = threading.Thread(target=self.get_url_list)
        thread_list.append(t_url)
        #2.遍历，发送请求，
        for i in range(3):  #三个线程发送请求
            t_parse = threading.Thread(target=self.parse_url)
            thread_list.append(t_parse)
        #3.提取数据
        t_content = threading.Thread(target=self.get_content_list)
        thread_list.append(t_content)
        #4.保存
        t_save = threading.Thread(target=self.save_content_list)
        thread_list.append(t_save)

        for t in thread_list:
            t.setDaemon(True)  #把子线程设置为守护线程，当前这个线程不重要，主线程结束，子线程技术
            t.start()

        for q in [self.url_queue,self.html_queue,self.content_list_queue]:
            q.join()  #让主线程阻塞，等待队列的计数为0，

        print("主线程结束")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    qiubai = Qiubai()
    qiubai.run()