概念
通过class文件对象,去使用该文件中的成员变量,构造方法,成员方法
获取class文件对象的方式
- Object类的getClass()方法
- 数据类型的静态属性class
- Class类中的静态方法(开发常用) forName(String className)
示例:
public class Person {
private String name;
int age;
public String address;
public Person() {
}
private Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Person(String name, int age, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
public void show() {
System.out.println("show");
}
public void method(String s) {
System.out.println("method " + s);
}
public String getString(String s, int i) {
return s + "---" + i;
}
private void function() {
System.out.println("function");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address
+ "]";
}
}
// 方式1
Person p = new Person();
Class c = p.getClass();
Person p2 = new Person();
Class c2 = p2.getClass();
System.out.println(p == p2);// false
System.out.println(c == c2);// true
// 方式2
Class c3 = Person.class;
System.out.println(c == c3);// true
// 方式3 (开发常用)
Class c4 = Class.forName("com.xxx.Person");
System.out.println(c == c4);// true
构造方法
public class ReflectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取字节码文件对象
Class c = Class.forName("com.xxx.Person");
//public
//空构造
Constructor con = c.getConstructor();// 返回的是构造方法对象
Object obj = con.newInstance();
//带参数构造
Constructor con = c.getConstructor(String.class, int.class,String.class);
Object obj = con.newInstance("bingo", 18, "北京");
// private
Constructor con = c.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
con.setAccessible(true);// 暴力访问,值为true则指示反射的对象在使用时应该取消Java语言访问检查。
Object obj = con.newInstance("test");
}
}
成员变量
public class ReflectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取字节码文件对象
Class c = Class.forName("com.xxx.Person");
Constructor con = c.getConstructor();// 返回的是构造方法对象
Object obj = con.newInstance();
// public
Field addressField = c.getField("address");
addressField.set(obj, "北京"); // 给obj对象的addressField字段设置值为"北京"
// private
Field nameField = c.getDeclaredField("name");
nameField.setAccessible(true);
nameField.set(obj, "bingo");
}
}
成员方法
public class ReflectDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取字节码文件对象
Class c = Class.forName("com.xxx.Person");
Constructor con = c.getConstructor();// 返回的是构造方法对象
Object obj = con.newInstance();
//第一个参数表示的方法名,第二个参数表示的是方法的参数的class类型
Method m2 = c.getMethod("method", String.class);
m2.invoke(obj, "hello");// 调用方法
//public
// 方法不带参数
Method m1 = c.getMethod("show");
m1.invoke(obj); // 调用obj对象的m1方法
// 方法带参数
Method m3 = c.getMethod("getString", String.class, int.class);
Object objString = m3.invoke(obj, "hello", 100);
// private
Method m4 = c.getDeclaredMethod("function");
m4.setAccessible(true);
m4.invoke(obj);
}
}
示例:在ArrayList中添加一个字符串数据
public class ArrayListDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException,
SecurityException, IllegalAccessException,
IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
// 创建集合对象
ArrayList<Integer> array = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Class c = array.getClass(); // 集合ArrayList的class文件对象
Method m = c.getMethod("add", Object.class);
m.invoke(array, "hello"); // 调用array的add方法,传入的值是hello
m.invoke(array, "world");
m.invoke(array, "java");
System.out.println(array);
}
}
public class Tool {
public void setProperty(Object obj, String propertyName, Object value)
throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException,
IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
// 根据对象获取字节码文件对象
Class c = obj.getClass();
// 获取该对象的propertyName成员变量
Field field = c.getDeclaredField(propertyName);
// 取消访问检查
field.setAccessible(true);
// 给对象的成员变量赋值为指定的值
field.set(obj, value);
}
}