来自：《Oracle 11g性能优化攻略》
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--检查报警日志->性能差的sql->会话满了->阻塞->IO->锁->CPU->FRA闪回恢复区->hanganalyze
--DEFAULT_PERMANENT_TABLESPACE 默认的永久表空间 DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE 默认的临时表空间
select
*
from
DATABASE_PROPERTIES
where
property_name
IN
(
'DEFAULT_PERMANENT_TABLESPACE'
,
'DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE'
);
--如何查看当前SQL*PLUS用户的sid和serial#:
select
sid, serial#, status
from
v$session
where
audsid=userenv(
'sessionid'
);
--UNDO表空间的设置
SELECT
NAME
,VALUE
FROM
V$PARAMETER
WHERE
NAME
IN
(
'undo_tablespace'
,
'undo_management'
);
--是否使用本地管理及ASM
SELECT
TABLESPACE_NAME, EXTENT_MANAGEMENT, SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT,BIGFILE
FROM
DBA_TABLESPACES;
--/*+APPEND */ INSERT/*+APPEND */ INTO TABLE SELECT * FROM
SELECT
/*RECENTSQL */
SQL_ID,CHILD_NUMBER,HASH_VALUE,ADDRESS,EXECUTIONS,SQL_TEXT
FROM
V$SQL
WHERE
PARSING_USER_ID = (
SELECT
USER_ID
FROM
ALL_USERS
WHERE
USERNAME =
'ISS'
)
AND
COMMAND_TYPE
IN
(2,3,6,7,189)
AND
UPPER
(SQL_TEXT)
NOT
LIKE
UPPER
(
'%RECENTSQL%'
);
--虚拟索引虚拟索引的目的，是在不必耗cpu,耗IO以及消耗大量存储空间去实际创建索引的情况，来判断一个索引是否能够对sql优化起到作用。
--CREATE INDEX IDX_NAME TABLE_NAME(COL) NOSEGMENT;
--索引监控
SELECT
UA.INDEX_NAME,UA.TABLE_NAME,UA.MONITORING,UA.USED
FROM
V$OBJECT_USAGE UA
WHERE
UA.USED=
'NO'
AND
UA.TABLE_NAME
LIKE
'FM%'
;
SELECT
IO.
NAME
,T.
NAME
,DECODE(BITAND(I.FLAGS,65535),0,
'NO'
,
'YES'
),DECODE(BITAND(OU.FLAGS,1),0,
'NO'
,
'YES'
),OU.START_MONITORING,OU.END_MONITORING
FROM
SYS.OBJ$ IO,SYS.OBJ$ T,SYS.IND$ I,SYS.OBJECT_USAGE OU
WHERE
I.OBJ#=OU.OBJ#
AND
IO.OBJ#=OU.OBJ#
AND
T.OBJ#=I.BO#;
--加快索引的创建速度
ALTER
INDEX
ISS_FM_ALARM_CLEARID REBUILD PARALLEL
/*并行*/
NOLOGGING
/*少日志*/
;
--keep缓冲池(长期占有)、recycle缓冲池(一天用那么一两次且是大对象),查询多少个数据块在缓冲区
SELECT
O.OBJECT_NAME,
COUNT
(*) NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS
FROM
DBA_OBJECTS O,V$BH V
WHERE
O.DATA_OBJECT_ID = V.OBJD
AND
O.OWNER=
'ISS'
GROUP
BY
O.OBJECT_NAME
ORDER
BY
COUNT
(*)
DESC
;
--统计级别AWR
SHOW PARAMETER STATISTICS_LEVEL;
--保存30=43200分钟,天时间间隔30分钟。
EXEC
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS(RETENTION=>43200，INTERVAL=>30);
EXEC
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.CREATE_BASELINE(START_SNAP_ID=>256,END_SNAP_ID=>288,BASELINE_NAME=>
'BASELINE #1'
);
SELECT
BASELINE_NAME,START_SNAP_ID, TO_CHAR(START_SNAP_TIME,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI'
) START_TIME, END_SNAP_ID,TO_CHAR(END_SNAP_TIME,
'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI'
) END_TIME,EXPIRATION
FROM
DAB_HIST_BASELINE
ORDER
BY
BASELINE_ID;
--过去15分钟的等待事件
SELECT
ASH.EVENT,
SUM
(ASH.WAIT_TIME+ASH.TIME_WAITED) TITAL_WAIT
FROM
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY ASH
WHERE
ASH.SAMPLE_TIME
BETWEEN
SYSDATE-1/24/4
AND
SYSDATE
GROUP
BY
ASH.EVENT
ORDER
BY
2
DESC
;
--那些用户经历了等待
SELECT
S.SID,S.USERNAME,
SUM
(a.WAIT_TIME+a.TIME_WAITED) TOTAL_WAIT_TIME
FROM
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY A,V$SESSION S
WHERE
A.SAMPLE_TIME
BETWEEN
SYSDATE-30/2880
AND
SYSDATE
AND
A.SESSION_ID =S.SID
GROUP
BY
S.SID, S.USERNAME
ORDER
BY
TOTAL_WAIT_TIME
DESC
;
--等待事件最长的sql
SELECT
A.USER_ID,U.USERNAME,TO_NCHAR(S.SQL_TEXT),
SUM
(A.WAIT_TIME+A.TIME_WAITED) TOTAL_WAIT_TIME
FROM
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY A, V$SQLAREA S,DBA_USERS U
WHERE
A.SAMPLE_TIME
BETWEEN
SYSDATE-30/2880
AND
SYSDATE
AND
A.SQL_ID=S.SQL_ID
AND
A.USER_ID=U.USER_ID
GROUP
BY
A.USER_ID,S.SQL_TEXT,U.USERNAME;
--由于锁定所花费的等待时间
SELECT
WAIT_CLASS,EVENT,TIME_WAITED/100 TIME_SECS
FROM
V$SYSTEM_EVENT E
WHERE
E.WAIT_CLASS<>
'Idle'
AND
TIME_WAITED >0
UNION
SELECT
'Time Model'
,STAT_NAME
NAME
, ROUND((value/1000000),2) TIME_SECS
FROM
V$SYS_TIME_MODEL
WHERE
STAT_NAME
NOT
IN
(
'background elapsed time'
,
'background cpu time'
)
ORDER
BY
3
DESC
;
--过去15分钟使用最多cpu的会话
SELECT
*
FROM
(
SELECT
S.USERNAME,S.MODULE,S.SID,S.SERIAL#,
COUNT
(*)
FROM
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY H, V$SESSION S
WHERE
H.SESSION_ID=S.SID
AND
H.SESSION_SERIAL#=S.SERIAL#
AND
SESSION_STATE=
'ON CPU'
AND
SAMPLE_TIME > SYSDATE-INTERVAL
'15'
MINUTE
GROUP
BY
S.USERNAME,S.MODULE,S.SID,S.SERIAL#
ORDER
BY
COUNT
(*)
DESC
);
--查询数据库等待百分比
SELECT
METRIC_NAME,VALUE
FROM
V$SYSMETRIC
WHERE
METRIC_NAME
IN
(
'Database CPU Time Ratio'
,
'Database Wait Time Ratio'
)
AND
INTSIZE_CSEC=(
SELECT
MAX
(INTSIZE_CSEC)
FROM
V$SYSMETRIC);
--当前等待情况
SELECT
WAIT_CLASS,
SUM
(TIME_WAITED),
SUM
(TIME_WAITED)/
SUM
(TOTAL_WAITS) SUM_WAITS
FROM
V$SYSTEM_WAIT_CLASS
GROUP
BY
WAIT_CLASS
ORDER
BY
3
DESC
;
--等待事件类型
SELECT
WAIT_CLASS,
NAME
FROM
V$EVENT_NAME
WHERE
NAME
LIKE
'enq%'
AND
WAIT_CLASS <>
'Other'
ORDER
BY
1
DESC
;
--找出是那种等待事件导致总等待事件过长
SELECT
A.EVENT,A.TOTAL_WAITS,A.TIME_WAITED,A.AVERAGE_WAIT
FROM
V$SYSTEM_EVENT A, V$EVENT_NAME B, V$SYSTEM_WAIT_CLASS C
WHERE
A.EVENT_ID=B.EVENT_ID
AND
B.WAIT_CLASS#=C.WAIT_CLASS#
AND
C.WAIT_CLASS
IN
(
'Application'
,
'Administrative'
)
ORDER
BY
3
DESC
;
--日志文件commit过多次数多而短
--enq: TM - contention 锁表
SELECT
*
FROM
(
SELECT
C.TABLE_NAME,CO.COLUMN_NAME,CO.POSITION COLUMN_POSITION
FROM
USER_CONSTRAINTS C,USER_CONS_COLUMNS CO
WHERE
C.CONSTRAINT_NAME=CO.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND
C.CONSTRAINT_TYPE=
'R'
MINUS
SELECT
UI.TABLE_NAME,UIC.COLUMN_NAME,UIC.COLUMN_POSITION COLUMN_POSITION
FROM
USER_INDEXES UI, USER_IND_COLUMNS UIC
WHERE
UI.INDEX_NAME=UIC.INDEX_NAME )
ORDER
BY
TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_POSITION;
--深入会话级
SELECT
A.SID,A.EVENT,A.TOTAL_WAITS,A.TIME_WAITED,A.AVERAGE_WAIT
FROM
V$SESSION_EVENT A,V$SESSION B
WHERE
A.TIME_WAITED >0
AND
A.SID=B.SID
AND
B.USERNAME
IS
NOT
NULL
AND
A.EVENT=
'enq: TX - row lock contention'
ORDER
BY
5
DESC
;
--最近被锁住的会话
SELECT
TO_CHAR(H.SAMPLE_TIME,
'HH24:MI:SS'
)
TIME
,H.SESSION_ID SID,DECODE(H.SESSION_STATE,
'WAITTING'
,H.EVENT,H.SESSION_STATE ) STATE,H.SQL_ID,H.BLOCKING_SESSION BLOCKER
FROM
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY H,DBA_USERS U
WHERE
U.USER_ID=H.USER_ID
AND
H.SAMPLE_TIME=SYSTIMESTAMP-(2/1440);
--引起最多等待的sql
SELECT
ASH.USER_ID,U.USERNAME, S.SQL_TEXT,
SUM
(ASH.WAIT_TIME+ASH.TIME_WAITED ) TTL_WAIT_TIME
FROM
V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY ASH,V$SQLAREA S,DBA_USERS U
WHERE
ASH.SAMPLE_TIME
BETWEEN
SYSDATE-60/2880
AND
SYSDATE
AND
ASH.SQL_ID=S.SQL_ID
AND
ASH.USER_ID=U.USER_ID
GROUP
BY
ASH.USER_ID,S.SQL_TEXT,U.USERNAME
ORDER
BY
TTL_WAIT_TIME
DESC
;
--捕捉运行很久的SQL
select
LO.START_TIME,LO.TARGET, username,sid,opname,round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) ||
'%'
as
progress,time_remaining,sql_text
from
v$session_longops lo, v$sql
where
time_remaining <> 0
and
sql_address=address
and
sql_hash_value = hash_value;
--某个会话在等待什么
SELECT
EVENT,
COUNT
(*)
FROM
V$SESSION_WAIT
GROUP
BY
EVENT
ORDER
BY
COUNT
(*)
DESC
;
SELECT
EVENT,STATE,SECONDS_IN_WAIT SIW
FROM
V$SESSION_WAIT W
WHERE
W.SID=
'2100'
;
--监控临时表空间
SELECT
*
FROM
(
SELECT
A.TABLESPACE_NAME,
SUM
(A.BYTES/1024/1024) ALLOCATED_MB
FROM
DBA_TEMP_FILES A
WHERE
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=
UPPER
(
'&&TEMP_TSNAME'
)
GROUP
BY
A.TABLESPACE_NAME ) X,(
SELECT
SUM
(B1.BYTES_USED/1024/1024 ) USED_MB,
SUM
(B1.BYTES_FREE/1024/1024 ) FREE_MB
FROM
V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER B1
WHERE
B1.TABLESPACE_NAME=
UPPER
(
'&&TEMP_TSNAME'
)
GROUP
BY
B1.TABLESPACE_NAME );
--那条sql使用了temp表空间
SELECT
S.SID||
','
,S.SERIAL# SID_SERIAL,S.USERNAME,O.BLOCKS*T.BLOCK_SIZE/1024/1024 MB_USED,O.TABLESPACE,O.SQLADDR,H.HASH_VALUE,H.SQL_TEXT
FROM
V$SORT_USAGE O, V$SESSION S,V$SQLAREA H,DBA_TABLESPACES T
WHERE
O.SESSION_ADDR = S.SADDR
AND
O.SQLADDR=H.ADDRESS(+)
AND
O.TABLESPACE = T.TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER
BY
S.SID;
--临时表空间使用率
SELECT
S.SID||
','
,S.SERIAL# SID_SERIAL,S.USERNAME,S.OSUSER,P.SPID,S.MODULE,S.PROGRAM,
SUM
(O.BLOCKS )*T.BLOCK_SIZE/1024/1024 MB_USED,O.TABLESPACE,
COUNT
(*) SORTS
FROM
V$SORT_USAGE O, V$SESSION S,V$PROCESS P,DBA_TABLESPACES T
WHERE
O.SESSION_ADDR = S.SADDR
AND
S.PADDR=P.ADDR
AND
O.TABLESPACE = T.TABLESPACE_NAME
GROUP
BY
S.SID,S.SERIAL#,S.USERNAME,S.OSUSER,P.SPID,S.MODULE,S.PROGRAM,T.BLOCK_SIZE,O.TABLESPACE
ORDER
BY
S.SID;
--查看一下哪个用户在用临时段:
SELECT
sid,serial#,sql_address,machine,program,tablespace,segtype,contents
FROM
v$session se,v$sort_usage su
WHERE
se.saddr=su.session_addr;
--查找前十条性能差的sql:
SELECT
*
FROM
(
SELECT
PARSING_USER_ID, EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS, sql_text
FROM
v$sqlarea
ORDER
BY
disk_reads
DESC
)
WHERE
ROWNUM<10 ;
--等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取：
select
*
from
(
select
*
from
v$system_event
where
event
not
like
'SQL%'
order
by
total_waits
desc
)
where
rownum<=5;
--如何查看一下某个shared_server正在忙什么:
SELECT
a.username,a.machine,a.program,a.sid,a.serial#,a.status,c.piece,c.sql_text
FROM
v$session a,v$process b,v$sqltext c
WHERE
b.spid=13161
AND
b.addr=a.paddr
AND
a.sql_address=c.address(+)
ORDER
BY
c.piece;
--数据库共享池性能检查:
Select
namespace,gets,gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio,reloads,Invalidations
from
v$librarycache
where
namespace
in
(
'SQLAREA'
,
'TABLE/PROCEDURE'
,
'BODY'
,
'TRIGGER'
);
--检查数据字典的命中率:
select
1-
sum
(getmisses)/
sum
(gets)
"data dictionary hit ratio"
from
v$rowcache;
--查看耗资源的进程(top session):
select
s.schemaname schema_name,decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #'
|| to_char(command) )
action
,status session_status,s.osuser os_user_name,s.sid,p.spid,s.serial# serial_num,nvl(s.username,
'[Oracle process]'
) user_name,s.terminal terminal,s.program program,st.value criteria_value
from
v$sesstat st,v$session s,v$process p
where
st.sid = s.sid
and
st.statistic# = to_number(
'38'
)
and
(
'ALL'
=
'ALL'
or
s.status =
'ALL'
)
and
p.addr=s.paddr
order
by
st.value
desc
,p.spid
asc
,s.username
asc
,s.osuser
asc
;
--监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句:
SELECT
osuser, username, sql_text
from
v$session a, v$sqltext b
where
a.sql_address =b.address
order
by
address, piece;
--如何查出前台正在发出的sql语句:
select
user_name,sql_text
from
v$open_cursor
where
sid
in
(
select
sid
from
(
select
sid,serial#
from
v$session
where
status=
'ACTIVE'
));
--查看锁（lock）情况:
select
/*+ RULE */
ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,decode(ls.type,
'RW'
,
'Row wait enqueue lock'
,
'TM'
,
'DML enqueue lock'
,
'TX'
,
'Transaction enqueue lock'
,
'UL'
,
'User supplied lock'
) lock_type,o.object_name object,decode(ls.lmode, 1,
null
, 2,
'Row Share'
,3,
'Row Exclusive'
,4,
'Share'
,5,
'Share Row Exclusive'
,6,
'Exclusive'
,
null
)lock_mode,o.owner,ls.sid,ls.serial# serial_num,ls.id1,ls.id2
from
sys.dba_objects o,(
select
s.osuser,s.username,l.type,l.lmode,s.sid,s.serial#,l.id1,l.id2
from
v$session s,v$lock l
where
s.sid=l.sid)ls
where
o.object_id=ls.id1
and
o.owner<>
'SYS'
order
by
o.owner, o.object_name;
--查看占io较大的正在运行的session:
SELECT
se.sid,se.serial#,pr.SPID,se.username,se.status,se.terminal,se.program, se.MODULE,se.sql_address,st.event,st.p1text,si.physical_reads,si.block_changes
FROM
v$session se,v$session_wait st,v$sess_io si,v$process pr
WHERE
st.sid=se.sid
AND
st.sid=si.sid
AND
se.PADDR=pr.ADDR
AND
se.sid>6
AND
st.wait_time=0
AND
st.event
NOT
LIKE
'%SQL%'
ORDER
BY
physical_reads
DESC
;
--查看表空间数据文件的读写性能:(注意：如果phyblkrd与phyrds很接近的话，则表明这个表空间中存在全表扫描的表，这些表需要调整索引或优化SQL语句)
Select
name
,phyrds,phywrts,avgiotim,miniotim,maxiowtm,maxiortm
from
v$filestat,v$datafile
where
v$filestat.file#=v$datafile.file#;
Select
fs.
name
name
,f.phyrds,f.phyblkrd,f.phywrts,f.phyblkwrt ,f.readtim,f.writetim
from
v$filestat f, v$datafile fs
where
f.file# = fs.file#
order
by
fs.
name
;
--根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select
/*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,sql_text,sharable_mem, persistent_mem,runtime_mem,sorts,version_count,loaded_versions,open_versions,users_opening,executions, users_executing,loads,first_load_time,invalidations, parse_calls,disk_reads,buffer_gets,rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time,
'>'
|| address sql_address,
'N'
status
from
v$sqlarea
where
address = (
select
sql_address
from
v$session
where
sid=
'&&SID'
);
--根据pid查看sql语句:
select
sql_text
from
v$sql
where
address
in
(
select
sql_address
from
v$session
where
sid
in
(
select
sid
from
v$session
where
paddr
in
(
select
addr
from
v$process
where
spid=&pid)));
--根据SID找ORACLE的某个进程:
select
pro.spid
from
v$session ses,v$process pro
where
ses.sid=&sid
and
ses.paddr=pro.addr;
--查询表空间的碎片程度:
select
tablespace_name,
count
(tablespace_name)
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name
having
count
(tablespace_name)>10;
--查看排序段的性能:
SELECT
name
, value
FROM
v$sysstat
WHERE
name
IN
(
'sorts (memory)'
,
'sorts (disk)'
);
--查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式:
Select
Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode
From
V$
Database
;
|
附图：oracle性能问题检修流程
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