asp.net三层架构详解

 

一、数据库

/*==============================================================*/

/* DBMS name:      Microsoft SQL Server 2000                    */

/*==============================================================*/

 

 

if exists (select 1

            from sysobjects

           where id = object_id('newsContent')

            and   type = 'U')

   drop table newsContent

go

 

 

/*==============================================================*/

/* Table: newsContent                                            */

/*==============================================================*/

create table newsContent (

   ID           int              identity(1,1)   primary key,

   Title          nvarchar(50)     not null,

   Content       ntext            not null,

   AddDate      datetime         not null,

  CategoryID    int              not null

)

go

 

 

二、项目文件架构

实现步骤为:4-3-6-5-2-1

 

ID

 

项目

 

描述

 

用途

 

项目引用关系

 

实例所需文件

 

相关方法

 

1

 

Web

 

表现层

 

Web页和控件

 

引用BLL

 

WebUI.aspx

WebUI.aspx.cs

 

 

GetContent()

 

2

 

BLL

 

业务逻辑层

 

业务逻辑组件

 

引用 IDAL,Model,使用DALFactory创建实例

 

Content.cs

 

ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

 

3

 

IDAL

 

数据访问层接口定义

 

每个DAL实现都要实现的一组接口

 

引用 Model

 

IContent.cs

 

ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

 

4

 

Model

 

业务实体

 

传递各种数据的容器

 

无引用

 

ContentInfo.cs

 

 

 

5

 

DALFactory

 

数据层的抽象工厂

 

创建反射,用来确定加载哪一个数据库访问程序集的类

 

引用IDAL,通过读取web.config里设置的程序集,加载类的实例,返回给BLL使用。

 

Content.cs

 

IDAL.Icontent create()

 

6

 

SQLServerDAL

 

SQLServer数据访问层

 

Microsoft SQL Server特定的Pet Shop DAL实现,使用了IDAL接口

 

引用 Model和IDAL,被DALFactory加载的程序集,实现接口里的方法。

 

SqlHelper.cs

 

 

 

Content.cs

 

SqlDataReader ExecuteReader()

PrepareCommand()

ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

 

OracleDAL

 

Oracle数据访问层

 

7

 

DBUtility

 

数据库访问组件基础类

 

GetSqlServerConnectionString得到数据库连接字符串,也可省去该项目,在SQLServerDAL.SqlHelper中用static readonly string SqlConnectionString代替。

 

无引用

 

 

 

 

 

实现步骤过程

1、创建Model,实现业务实体。

2、创建IDAL,实现接口。

3、创建SQLServerDAL,实现接口里的方法。

4、增加web.config里的配置信息,为SQLServerDAL的程序集。

5、创建DALFactory,返回程序集的指定类的实例。

6、创建BLL,调用DALFactory,得到程序集指定类的实例,完成数据操作方法。

7、创建WEB,调用BLL里的数据操作方法。

注意:

1、web.config里的程序集名称必须与SQLServerDAL里的输出程序集名称一致。

2、DALFactory里只需要一个DataAccess类,可以完成创建所有的程序集实例。

3、项目创建后,注意修改各项目的默认命名空间和程序集名称。

4、注意修改解决方案里的项目依赖。

5、注意在解决方案里增加各项目引用。

 

三、各层间的访问过程

1、传入值,将值进行类型转换(为整型)。

2、创建BLL层的content.cs对象c,通过对象c访问BLL层的方法GetContentInfo(ID)调用BLL层。

3、BLL层方法GetContentInfo(ID)中取得数据访问层SQLServerDAL的实例,实例化IDAL层的接口对象dal,这个对象是由工厂层DALFactory创建的,然后返回IDAL层传入值所查找的内容的方法dal.GetContentInfo(id)。

4、数据工厂通过web.config配置文件中给定的webdal字串访问SQLServerDAL层,返回一个完整的调用SQLServerDAL层的路径给 BLL层。

5、到此要调用SQLServerDAL层,SQLServerDAL层完成赋值Model层的对象值为空,给定一个参数,调用SQLServerDAL层的SqlHelper的ExecuteReader方法,读出每个字段的数据赋值给以定义为空的Model层的对象。

6、SqlHelper执行sql命令,返回一个指定连接的数据库记录集,在这里需要引用参数类型,提供为打开连接命令执行做好准备PrepareCommand。

7、返回Model层把查询得到的一行记录值赋值给SQLServerDAL层的引入的Model层的对象ci,然后把这个对象返回给BLL。

8、回到Web层的BLL层的方法调用,把得到的对象值赋值给Lable标签,在前台显示给界面

 

四、项目中的文件清单

 

1、DBUtility项目

(1)connectionInfo.cs

using System;

using System.Configuration;

 

namespace Utility

{

       /// <summary>

       /// ConnectionInfo 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public class ConnectionInfo

       {

              public static string GetSqlServerConnectionString()

              {

                     return ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SQLConnString"];

              }

       }

}

2、SQLServerDAL项目

(1)SqlHelper.cs抽象类

using System;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

using DBUtility;

 

namespace SQLServerDAL

{

       /// <summary>

       /// SqlHelper 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public abstract class SqlHelper

       {

              public static readonly string CONN_STR = ConnectionInfo.GetSqlServerConnectionString();

 

              /// <summary>

              /// 用提供的函数,执行SQL命令,返回一个从指定连接的数据库记录集

              /// </summary>

              /// <remarks>

              /// 例如:

              /// SqlDataReader r = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));

              /// </remarks>

              /// <param name="connectionString">SqlConnection有效的SQL连接字符串</param>

              /// <param name="commandType">CommandType:CommandType.Text、CommandType.StoredProcedure</param>

              /// <param name="commandText">SQL语句或存储过程</param>

              /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameter[]参数数组</param>

              /// <returns>SqlDataReader:执行结果的记录集</returns>

              public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connString, CommandType cmdType, string cmdText, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms)

              {

                     SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

                     SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString);

 

                     // 我们在这里用 try/catch 是因为如果这个方法抛出异常,我们目的是关闭数据库连接,再抛出异常,

                     // 因为这时不会有DataReader存在,此后commandBehaviour.CloseConnection将不会工作。

                     try

                     {

                            PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, null, cmdType, cmdText, cmdParms);

                            SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);

                            cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                            return rdr;

                     }

                     catch

                     {

                            conn.Close();

                            throw;

                     }

              }

 

 

              /// <summary>

              /// 为执行命令做好准备:打开数据库连接,命令语句,设置命令类型(SQL语句或存储过程),函数语取。

              /// </summary>

              /// <param name="cmd">SqlCommand 组件</param>

              /// <param name="conn">SqlConnection 组件</param>

              /// <param name="trans">SqlTransaction 组件,可以为null</param>

              /// <param name="cmdType">语句类型:CommandType.Text、CommandType.StoredProcedure</param>

              /// <param name="cmdText">SQL语句,可以为存储过程</param>

              /// <param name="cmdParms">SQL参数数组</param>

              private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand cmd, SqlConnection conn, SqlTransaction trans, CommandType cmdType, string cmdText, SqlParameter[] cmdParms)

              {

 

                     if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)

                            conn.Open();

 

                     cmd.Connection = conn;

                     cmd.CommandText = cmdText;

 

                     if (trans != null)

                            cmd.Transaction = trans;

 

                     cmd.CommandType = cmdType;

 

                     if (cmdParms != null)

                     {

                            foreach (SqlParameter parm in cmdParms)

                                   cmd.Parameters.Add(parm);

                     }

              }

       }

}

(2)Content.cs类

using System;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

using Model;

using IDAL;

 

namespace SQLServerDAL

{

       /// <summary>

       /// Content 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public class Content:IContent 

       {

 

              private const string PARM_ID = "@ID";

              private const string SQL_SELECT_CONTENT = "Select ID, Title, Content, AddDate, CategoryID From newsContent Where ID = @ID";

 

 

              public ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

              {

                     //创意文章内容类

                     ContentInfo ci = null;

 

                     //创建一个参数

                     SqlParameter parm = new SqlParameter(PARM_ID, SqlDbType.BigInt, 8);

                     //赋上ID值

                     parm.Value = id;

 

                     using(SqlDataReader sdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.CONN_STR, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CONTENT, parm))

                     {

                            if(sdr.Read())

                            { 

                                   ci = new ContentInfo(sdr.GetInt32(0),sdr.GetString(1), sdr.GetString(2),

                                          sdr.GetDateTime(3), sdr.GetInt32(4), sdr.GetInt32(5), sdr.GetString(6));

                            }

                     }

                     return ci;

              }

       }

}

 

 

3、Model项目

(1)contentInfo.cs

using System;

 

namespace Model

{

       /// <summary>

       /// Class1 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public class ContentInfo

       {

              private int _ID;

              private string _Content;

              private string _Title;

              private string _From;

              private DateTime _AddDate;

              private int _clsID;

              private int _tmpID;

 

              /// <summary>

              /// 文章内容构造函数

              /// </summary>

              /// <param name="id">文章流水号ID</param>

              /// <param name="content">文章内容</param>

              /// <param name="title">文章标题</param>

              /// <param name="from">文章来源</param>

              /// <param name="clsid">文章的分类属性ID</param>

              /// <param name="tmpid">文章的模板属性ID</param>

              public ContentInfo(int id,string title,string content,string from,DateTime addDate,int clsid,int tmpid )

              {

                     this._ID = id;

                     this._Content = content;

                     this._Title = title;

                     this._From = from;

                     this._AddDate = addDate;

                     this._clsID = clsid;

                     this._tmpID = tmpid;

              }

 

 

              //属性

              public int ID

              {

                     get   { return _ID; }

              }

              public string Content

              {

                     get   { return _Content; }

              }

              public string Title

              {

                     get   { return _Title; }

              }

              public string From

              {

                     get   { return _From; }

              }

              public DateTime AddDate

              {

                     get   { return _AddDate; }

              }

              public int ClsID

              {

                     get   { return _clsID; }

              }

              public int TmpID

              {

                     get   { return _tmpID; }

              }

 

 

 

       }

}

4、IDAL项目

(1)Icontent.cs

using System;

using Model;

 

namespace IDAL

{

       /// <summary>

       /// 文章内容操作接口

       /// </summary>

       public interface IContent

       {

              /// <summary>

              /// 取得文章的内容。

              /// </summary>

              /// <param name="id">文章的ID</param>

              /// <returns></returns>

              ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id);

       }

}

 

5、DALFactory项目

(1)Content.cs

using System;

using System.Reflection;

using System.Configuration;

using IDAL;

 

namespace DALFactory

{

       /// <summary>

       /// 工产模式实现文章接口。

       /// </summary>

       public class Content

       {

              public static IDAL.IContent Create()

              {

                     // 这里可以查看 DAL 接口类。

                     string path = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["WebDAL"].ToString();

                     string className = path+".Content";

                    

                     // 用配置文件指定的类组合

                     return (IDAL.IContent)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);

              }

       }

}

 

6、BLL项目

(1)Content.cs

using System;

 

using Model;

using IDAL;

 

namespace BLL

{

       /// <summary>

       /// Content 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public class Content

       {

 

              public ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)

              {

 

                     // 取得从数据访问层取得一个文章内容实例

                     IContent dal = DALFactory.Content.Create();

 

                     // 用DAL查找文章内容

                     return dal.GetContentInfo(id);

              }

       }

}

 

 

7、Web项目

1、Web.config:

 <appSettings>

       <add key="SQLConnString" value="Data Source=localhost;Persist Security info=True;Initial Catalog=newsDB;User ID=sa;Password= " />

    <add key="WebDAL" value="SQLServerDAL" />   

 </appSettings>

 

2、WebUI.aspx

<%@ Page language="c#" Codebehind="WebUI.aspx.cs" AutoEventWireup="false" Inherits="Web.WebUI" %>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" >

<HTML>

       <HEAD>

              <title>WebUI</title>

              <meta name="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1">

              <meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Content="C#">

              <meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">

              <meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">

       </HEAD>

       <body MS_POSITIONING="GridLayout">

              <form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">

                     <FONT">宋体"></FONT>

                     <table width="600" border="1">

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;

                                          <asp:Label id="lblTitle" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px; HEIGHT: 22px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td style="HEIGHT: 22px">&nbsp;

                                          <asp:Label id="lblDataTime" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;

                                          <asp:Label id="lblContent" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px; HEIGHT: 23px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td style="HEIGHT: 23px">&nbsp;</td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>

                            </tr>

                            <tr>

                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>

                                   <td>&nbsp;

                                          <asp:Label id="lblMsg" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></td>

                            </tr>

                     </table>

              </form>

       </body>

</HTML>

 

 

 

 

3、WebUI.aspx.cs后台调用显示:

using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.SessionState;

using System.Web.UI;

using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

 

using BLL;

using Model;

 

namespace myWeb

{

       /// <summary>

       /// WebForm1 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public class WebUI : System.Web.UI.Page

       {

              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblTitle;

              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblDataTime;

              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblContent;

              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblMsg;

 

              private ContentInfo ci ;

 

 

              private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

              {

                     if(!Page.IsPostBack)

                     {

                            GetContent("1");

                     }

              }

 

              private void GetContent(string id)

              {

                     int ID = WebComponents.CleanString.GetInt(id);

             

                     Content c = new Content();

                     ci = c.GetContentInfo(ID);

                     if(ci!=null)

                     {

                            this.lblTitle.Text = ci.Title;

                            this.lblDataTime.Text = ci.AddDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");

                            this.lblContent.Text = ci.Content;

                     }

                     else

                     {

                            this.lblMsg.Text = "没有找到这篇文章";

                     }

              }

 

              #region Web 窗体设计器生成的代码

              override protected void OnInit(EventArgs e)

              {

                     //

                     // CODEGEN: 该调用是 ASP.NET Web 窗体设计器所必需的。

                     //

                     InitializeComponent();

                     base.OnInit(e);

              }

             

              /// <summary>

              /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改

              /// 此方法的内容。

              /// </summary>

              private void InitializeComponent()

              {   

                     this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Page_Load);

 

              }

              #endregion

       }

}

 

4、WebComponents项目

(1)CleanString.cs

using System;

using System.Text;

 

namespace myWeb.WebComponents

{

       /// <summary>

       /// CleanString 的摘要说明。

       /// </summary>

       public class CleanString

       {

 

              public static int GetInt(string inputString)

              {

                     try

                     {

                            return Convert.ToInt32(inputString);

                     }

                     catch

                     {

                            return 0;

                     }

 

              }

 

 

              public static string InputText(string inputString, int maxLength)

              {

                     StringBuilder retVal = new StringBuilder();

 

                     // check incoming parameters for null or blank string

                     if ((inputString != null) && (inputString != String.Empty))

                     {

                            inputString = inputString.Trim();

 

                            //chop the string incase the client-side max length

                            //fields are bypassed to prevent buffer over-runs

                            if (inputString.Length > maxLength)

                                   inputString = inputString.Substring(0, maxLength);

 

                            //convert some harmful symbols incase the regular

                            //expression validators are changed

                            for (int i = 0; i < inputString.Length; i++)

                            {

                                   switch (inputString[i])

                                   {

                                          case '"':

                                                 retVal.Append("&quot;");

                                                 break;

                                          case '<':

                                                 retVal.Append("&lt;");

                                                 break;

                                          case '>':

                                                 retVal.Append("&gt;");

                                                 break;

                                          default:

                                                 retVal.Append(inputString[i]);

                                                 break;

                                   }

                            }

 

                            // Replace single quotes with white space

                            retVal.Replace("'", " ");

                     }

 

                     return retVal.ToString();

                    

              }

               

       }

}

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