python的with是如何工作的

class Sample:
    def __enter__(self):
        print "In __enter__()"
        return "Foo"
 
    def __exit__(self, type,value, trace):
        print "In __exit__()"
def get_sample():
    return Sample()
 
 
with get_sample() as sample:
    print "sample:",sample

运行结果

In __enter__()

sample: Foo

In __exit__()

原理：

1. __enter__()方法被执行
2. __enter__()方法返回的值 - 这个例子中是"Foo"，赋值给变量'sample'
3. 执行代码块，打印变量"sample"的值为 "Foo"
4. __exit__()方法被调用

with真正强大之处是它可以处理异常

class Sample:
    def __enter__(self):
        return self
 
    def __exit__(self, type,value, trace):
        print "type1:", type
        print "value:",value
        print "trace:",trace
    def do_something(self):
        bar = 1/0
        return bar + 10
 
with Sample() as sample:
    sample.do_something()

运行结果：

type1: <type 'exceptions.ZeroDivisionError'>
value: integer division or modulo by zero
trace: <traceback object at 0x0000000002568748>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\test.py", line 14, in <module>
    sample.do_something()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\test.py", line 10, in do_something
    bar = 1/0
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

所以，异常处理可以放在__exit__()中