设计模式学习—访问者模式(Visitor Design Pattern)

一、我的理解

访问者模式允许外部类来改变本类的行为。本类会依据“访问”的外部类的类型不同而做出相应的反应。

二、实现方式

主体类提供对外接口，允许访客调用，而对于访客规定统一接口，执行不同的方法。

三、实例

Java实例

ComputerPart接口：规定主体类统一的对外接口

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public interface ComputerPart {

    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor);
    
}

ComputerPartVisitor接口：规定访客的统一行为

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public interface ComputerPartVisitor {

    public void visit(Computer computer);
    public void visit(Mouse mouse);
    public void visit(Keyboard keyboard);
    public void visit(Monitor monitor);
    
}

Keyboard类：被访问主体一

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public class Keyboard implements ComputerPart {

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
        computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }

}

Monitor类：被访问主体二

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public class Monitor implements ComputerPart {

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
        computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }

}

Mouse类：可以被访问的主体三

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public class Mouse implements ComputerPart {

    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
        computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }

}

Computer类：可以被访问的主体四

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public class Computer implements ComputerPart {

    ComputerPart[] parts;
    
    public Computer() {
        parts = new ComputerPart[] {new Mouse(), new Keyboard(), new Monitor()};
    }
    
    @Override
    public void accept(ComputerPartVisitor computerPartVisitor) {
        for (int i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
            parts[i].accept(computerPartVisitor);
        }
        computerPartVisitor.visit(this);
    }

}

ComputerPartDisplayVisitor类：实际的访客

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public class ComputerPartDisplayVisitor implements ComputerPartVisitor {

    @Override
    public void visit(Computer computer) {
        System.out.println("Displaying Computer.");
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Mouse mouse) {
        System.out.println("Displaying Mouse.");
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Keyboard keyboard) {
        System.out.println("Displaying Keyboard.");
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(Monitor monitor) {
        System.out.println("Displaying Monitor.");
    }

}

Demo类：测试类

package com.study.dp.visitor;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ComputerPart computer = new Computer();
        computer.accept(new ComputerPartDisplayVisitor());
    }
    
}

四、应用场景