嵌入式词汇

ASIC（专用集成电路）
　Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip.
　专用集成电路。一个在一个芯片上定制设计的硬件。

address bus （地址总线）
　A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select aspecific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. If the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely address up to 2^n such locations.
　　一个连接处理器与所有外设的，用来通讯的电子线路集。地址总线被处理器用来选择在特定外设中的存储器地址或寄存器。如果地址总线有n条电子线路，处理器能唯一寻址高达2^n的地址空间。

BSP（板卡支持包）
 See board support package.
board support package（板卡支持包）
　 Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package.

软件包的具有平台依赖性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的样例源程序由包开发者提供。样例源程序必须能在需要时被修改、编译并与软件包的剩下的部分连接起来。

cross-compiler（交叉编译器）
　 A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target.
　　一个运行在不同的平台上的编译器，其中之一能产生目标代码。交叉编译器在主机上运行并且产生目标机的目标代码。

 DMA（直接内存访问）
　　Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal interventi on by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called
　　a DMA controller.
　　直接内存访问。一种直接在两个外设（通常是内存和I/O设备）之间进行数据传输的技术，它只要处理器最少的介入。DMA传输由叫DMA控制器的第三方外设进行管理。

 DRAM（动态随机访问存储器）
　 Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals.
    The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controller.
　　动态随机访问存储器。一种RAM，存储在其设备中的数据被定期刷新时才能保存它的内容。刷新周期一般由一个叫DRAM控制器的外设完成。

 

EEPROM（电可擦的，可编程的只读存储器）
　 Electrically Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. (Pronounced"Double-E"-PROM.) A type of ROM that can be erased electronically.
　　电可擦的，可编程的只读存储器。一种ROM能被电擦除。

EPROM（可擦的，可编程的只读存储器）
　 Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once erased, an EPROM can be reprogrammed with the help of a device programmer.
　　一种可用紫外线擦除的存储器。一次擦除后，EPROM可以在设备编程器的帮助下被重编程。

embedded system

Emulator(仿真器)
　 Short for In-Circuit Emulator (ICE). A debugging tool that takes the placeof-emulates-the processor on your target board. Emulators frequently incorporate a special "bond-out" version of the target processor that allows you to observe and record its internal state as your program is executing. 在线仿真器的简写。一个在你的目标板上放置仿真的处理器的调试工具。仿真器经常和一目标处理器的一种“外合”版本合在一起，这个版本的的处理器充许你运行程序时观察和记录它的内部状态。

Executable（可执行的）
　 A file containing object code that is ready for execution on the target. All that remains is to place the object code into a ROM or download it via a debugging tool.
　　一个包含准备在目标机上运行的目标代码的文件。放置目标代码到ROM中或通过调试工具下载。
　　
Firmware（固件）
　  Embedded software that is stored as object code within a ROM. This name is most common among the users of digital signal processors.
　　是作为目标代码存贮在ROM中的嵌入式软件。这个名字在数字信号处理器的用户中相当流行。

flash memory （闪存）
　　A RAM-ROM hybrid that can be erased and rewritten under software control. Such devices are divided into blocks, called sectors, that are individually-erasable. Flash memory is common in systems that require nonvolatile data storage at very low cost. In some cases, a large fash memory may even be used instead of a disk-drive.
　　 一种RAM-ROM的混血儿，它能在软件的控制下被擦除和重写。一些设备被分成叫段组的块，能个别地可擦。闪存用在需要很便宜的非易失数据存贮器的地方，一个大容量的闪存甚至被用作磁盘驱动器。

intertask communication（进程间通讯）
　　A mechanism used by tasks and interrupt service routines to share information and synchronize their access to shared resources. The most common building blocks of intertask communication are semaphores and mutexes.
　　一种被用来在任务和中断服务程序之间共享信息和同步它们对共享资源访问的机制。大部分进程间通讯的建立的基石是信号灯和互斥。
　　
Kernel（内核）
　　An essential part of any multitasking operating system, the kernel contains just the scheduler and context-switch routine.
　　任何多任务操作系统的本质部分，内核仅仅包含调度程序和上下文切换进程。
　
Linker（连接程序）
　　A software development tool that accepts one or more object files as input and outputs a relocatable program. The linker is thus run after all of the source files have been compiled or assembled.
　　一种能把一个或更多目标文件组合成可输入和输出的可重定位程序的开发工具。连接程序在所有的源文件都被编译或汇编之后运行。
Locator（定位程序）
　　A software development tool that assigns physical addresses to the relocatable program produced by the linker. This is the last step in the preparation of software for execution by an embedded system and the resulting file is called an executable. In some cases, the locator"s function may be hidden with in the linker.
　　一种分配物理地址给连接程序处理过的可重定位程序的软件开发工具。这是准备一个软件在嵌入式系统中运行的最后一步，并且结果文件叫做可执行的。在一些情况下，定位程序功能隐藏在连接程序中。logic analyzer（逻辑分析仪）
　　A hardware debugging tool that can be used to capture the logic levels (0 or 1) of dozens, or even hundreds, of electrical signals in real-time. Logic analyzers can be quite helpful for debugging hardware problems and complex processor-peripheral interactions.
　　一种硬件调试工具，能捕获实时电信号的许多逻辑电平（0或1），逻辑分析仪在调试硬件问题和复杂的处理外设交互时相当有用。

Oscilloscope（示波器）
　　A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
　　一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。
　　

PROM（可编程只读存储器）
　　Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
　　可编程只读存储器。能被设备编程器写的一种ROM。这种内存设备可以被编程一次，所以它们有时被作为写一次或一次性编程设备来看待。

parallel processing（并行进程）
　　The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
　　一种在单个计算机上运行两个或多个程序的能力。

processor-independent（处理器无关）
　　A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will berun. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-specific.
　　一个与处理器无关的，并能在其上运行的软件。大多数用高级语言编写程序是处理器无关的。相对于处理器定制。

processor-specific（处理器定制）
　　A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.
　　一个高度依赖处理器的软件，在上其才能运行。一些代码必须用汇编语言编写。相对于处理器无关。

Oscilloscope（示波器）
　　A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
　　一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。
　　

PROM（可编程只读存储器）
　　Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
　　可编程只读存储器。能被设备编程器写的一种ROM。这种内存设备可以被编程一次，所以它们有时被作为写一次或一次性编程设备来看待。

parallel processing（并行进程）
　　The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
　　一种在单个计算机上运行两个或多个程序的能力。

processor-independent（处理器无关）
　　A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will berun. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-specific.
　　一个与处理器无关的，并能在其上运行的软件。大多数用高级语言编写程序是处理器无关的。相对于处理器定制。

processor-specific（处理器定制）
　　A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.
　　一个高度依赖处理器的软件，在上其才能运行。一些代码必须用汇编语言编写。相对于处理器无关。

 

（嵌入式系统）
　 A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer.
　　计算机硬件和软件的结合体，或许还加上机械等其他部分，被设计来完成专门的功能。在一些情况下，嵌入式系统是一个大的系统或产品的一部分，就象汽车上的防抱死装置。与通用计算机相对。