嵌入式词汇(二)

flash memory （闪存）
　　A RAM-ROM hybrid that can be erased and rewritten under software control. Such devices are divided into blocks, called sectors, that are individually-erasable. Flash memory is common in systems that require nonvolatile data storage at very low cost. In some cases, a large fash memory may even be used instead of a disk-drive.
　　 一种RAM-ROM的混血儿，它能在软件的控制下被擦除和重写。一些设备被分成叫段组的块，能个别地可擦。闪存用在需要很便宜的非易失数据存贮器的地方，一个大容量的闪存甚至被用作磁盘驱动器。

intertask communication（进程间通讯）
　　A mechanism used by tasks and interrupt service routines to share information and synchronize their access to shared resources. The most common building blocks of intertask communication are semaphores and mutexes.
　　一种被用来在任务和中断服务程序之间共享信息和同步它们对共享资源访问的机制。大部分进程间通讯的建立的基石是信号灯和互斥。
　　
Kernel（内核）
　　An essential part of any multitasking operating system, the kernel contains just the scheduler and context-switch routine.
　　任何多任务操作系统的本质部分，内核仅仅包含调度程序和上下文切换进程。
　
Linker（连接程序）
　　A software development tool that accepts one or more object files as input and outputs a relocatable program. The linker is thus run after all of the source files have been compiled or assembled.
　　一种能把一个或更多目标文件组合成可输入和输出的可重定位程序的开发工具。连接程序在所有的源文件都被编译或汇编之后运行。
Locator（定位程序）
　　A software development tool that assigns physical addresses to the relocatable program produced by the linker. This is the last step in the preparation of software for execution by an embedded system and the resulting file is called an executable. In some cases, the locator"s function may be hidden with in the linker.
　　一种分配物理地址给连接程序处理过的可重定位程序的软件开发工具。这是准备一个软件在嵌入式系统中运行的最后一步，并且结果文件叫做可执行的。在一些情况下，定位程序功能隐藏在连接程序中。
logic analyzer（逻辑分析仪）
　　A hardware debugging tool that can be used to capture the logic levels (0 or 1) of dozens, or even hundreds, of electrical signals in real-time. Logic analyzers can be quite helpful for debugging hardware problems and complex processor-peripheral interactions.
　　一种硬件调试工具，能捕获实时电信号的许多逻辑电平（0或1），逻辑分析仪在调试硬件问题和复杂的处理外设交互时相当有用。

Oscilloscope（示波器）
　　A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
　　一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。
　　

PROM（可编程只读存储器）
　　Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
　　可编程只读存储器。能被设备编程器写的一种ROM。这种内存设备可以被编程一次，所以它们有时被作为写一次或一次性编程设备来看待。

parallel processing（并行进程）
　　The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
　　一种在单个计算机上运行两个或多个程序的能力。

processor-independent（处理器无关）
　　A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will berun. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-specific.
　　一个与处理器无关的，并能在其上运行的软件。大多数用高级语言编写程序是处理器无关的。相对于处理器定制。

processor-specific（处理器定制）
　　A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.
　　一个高度依赖处理器的软件，在上其才能运行。一些代码必须用汇编语言编写。相对于处理器无关。