ASP.NET AJAX 客户端访问 Web Service（2）

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 23:27:31 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 23:27:31 发布

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分类专栏： Web Service 文章标签： asp.net ajax service web webservice function

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客户端访问PageMethod

只能在aspx页面中定义
只能是public static方法
使用WebMethodAttribute标记
ScriptManager的EnablePageMethod设置为true
通过pageMethods.MethodName进行访问

一个访问PageMethod的示例

创建一个页面，页面代码如下

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
        <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server" EnablePageMethods="true">
        </asp:ScriptManager>
        
        <input type="button" value="Get Current Time" onclick="getCurrentTime()" />
        
        <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
            function getCurrentTime() {
                
                PageMethods.GetCurrentTime(getCurrentTimeSucceeded);
            }
            function getCurrentTimeSucceeded(result) {
                alert(result);
            }
        </script>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

后台代码中添加

[WebMethod]
    public static DateTime GetCurrentTime()
    {
        return DateTime.Now;
    }

主要，要引入using System.Web.Services命名空间

这样，我们就可以在点击按钮后访问PageMethod得到一个当前时间啦

错误处理

调用时，可以提供一个接收错误的回调函数
包括超时和服务器端抛出的异常
超时只能设置在WebService级别
由Sys.Net.WebServiceError提供

一个错误处理的示例

创建一个WebService添加如下代码

[WebMethod]
    public int GetDivision(int a, int b)//这里我们会使用它抛出一个经典的除0错误
    {
        return a / b;
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public int Timeout()//调用这个方法是，我们会首先设置它等待2秒，造成一个超时
    {
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
        return 0;
    }

然后创建一个页面，调用这个WebService

<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
            <Services>
                <asp:ServiceReference Path="~/Demo03/ErrorHandling.asmx" />
            </Services>
        </asp:ScriptManager>
        
        <input type="button" value="Get Division" onclick="getDivision(5,0)" />
        <input type="button" value="TimeOut" onclick="timeout()" />
        <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

            function getDivision(a, b) {
                ErrorHandling.GetDivision(a, b, null, failedCallback);
            }

            function timeout() {
                ErrorHandling.set_timeout(2000);
                ErrorHandling.Timeout(null, failedCallback);
            }

            function failedCallback(error) {
                var message = String.format("Timeout:{0}\n Message:{1}\n Exception Type:{2}\n StackTrace:{3}", error.get_timedOut(), error.get_message(), error.get_exceptionType(), error.get_stackTrace());
                alert(message);
            }
        </script>

这时，我们点击按钮，就可以看到一些错误信息了，实际应用中，我们可以利用这些信息，在页面上相应的做一些提示

复杂数据类型使用基础

首先，定义一个Employee类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

/// <summary>
///Employee 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
public class Employee
{
    private string _firstname;
    private string _lastname;
    private string _title;

    public Employee(string firstname, string lastname, string title)
    {
        this._firstname = firstname;
        this._lastname = lastname;
        this._title = title;
    }
    public Employee() { }
    public string FirstName
    {
        get { return this._firstname; }
        set { this._firstname = value; }
    }
    public string LastName
    {
        set { this._lastname = value; }
        get { return this._lastname; }
    }
    public string Title
    {
        get { return this._title; }
    }

    public int Salary { get; set; }

    public string FullName
    {
        get
        {
            return this.FirstName + this.LastName;
        }
    }
    public static implicit operator string(Employee employee)
    {
        return employee.FullName;
    }
}

然后创建一个WebService

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;

/// <summary>
///ComplexType 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
//若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消对下行的注释。 
[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
public class ComplexType : System.Web.Services.WebService
{

    [WebMethod]
    public Employee DoubleSalary(Employee employee)
    {
        employee.Salary *= 2;
        return employee;
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public List<int> Reverse(List<int> list)
    {
        list.Reverse();
        return list;
    }

    [WebMethod]
    public IDictionary<string, Employee> GetEmployee()
    {
        Dictionary<string, Employee> result = new Dictionary<string, Employee>();
        Employee emp1 = new Employee();
        emp1.FirstName = "bai";
        emp1.LastName = "yulong";
        emp1.Salary = 2000;
        result[emp1.FullName] = emp1;

        Employee emp2 = new Employee();
        emp2.FirstName = "xiao";
        emp2.LastName = "yaojian";
        emp2.Salary = 4000;
        result[emp2.FullName] = emp2;

        return result;
    }
    
}

然后创建一个页面,使用他们,首先在页面中添加ScriptManager,引入上面创建的WebService,添加如下代码

<input type="button" value="Double Salary" onclick="doubleSalary()" />
        <input type="button" value="Reverse" onclick="reerse([1,2,3,4,5])" />
        <input type="button" value="Get Employee" onclick="getEmploee()" />
        <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
            function doubleSalary() {
                var employee = new Object();
                employee.FirstName = "bai";
                employee.LastName = "yulong";
                employee.Salary = 1000;
                ComplexType.DoubleSalary(employee, doubleSalarySucceeded);
            }

            function doubleSalarySucceeded(result) {
                var message = String.format("FirstName:{0}\nLastName:{1} \nFullName:{2} \nSalary:{3}", result.FirstName, result.LastName, result.FullName, result.Salary);
                alert(message);
            }

            function reerse(array) {
                ComplexType.Reverse(array, function(result) { alert(result); });
            }

            function getEmploee() {
                ComplexType.GetEmployee(getEmployeeSucceeded);
            }

            function getEmployeeSucceeded(result) {
                for (var name in result) {
                    alert(name + ":" + result[name].Salary);
                }
            }
        </script>