rabbitmq如何保证消息不丢失

RabbitMQ一般情况很少丢失，但是不能排除意外，为了保证我们自己系统高可用，我们必须作出更好完善措施，保证系统的稳定性。

1. 消息持久化
2. ACK确认机制
3. 设置集群镜像模式
4. 消息补偿机制 消息持久化
   消息持久化
   RabbitMQ 的消息默认存放在内存上面，如果不特别声明设置，消息不会持久化保存到硬盘上面的，如果节点重启或者意外crash掉，消息就会丢失。所以就要对消息进行持久化处理。如何持久化，下面具体说明下：

要想做到消息持久化，必须满足以下三个条件，缺一不可。
1） Exchange 设置持久化
2）Queue 设置持久化
3）Message持久化发送：发送消息设置发送模式deliveryMode=2，代表持久化消息

代码如下：

工具类代码：

public class ConnUtil {


    public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建一个与MQ的连接
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.1.118");

        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");//rabbitmq默认虚拟机名称为“/”，虚拟机相当于一个独立的mq服务器
//创建一个连接
        return factory.newConnection();
    }


    public static void close(Channel channel) {
        if (channel != null) {
            try {
                channel.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }


    public static void close(Connection connection) {
        if (connection != null) {
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

发送消息：

public class Producer03_routing {

    //队列名称
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL = "queue_inform_email";
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_SMS = "queue_inform_sms";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM = "exchange_routing_inform";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;

        try {
            connection = ConnUtil.getConnection();
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            //声明exchange并持久化设置
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);
            //声明queue并持久化设置
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_SMS);
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                String messageStr = "email inform to user" + i;
                //设置消息持久化
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN ,messageStr.getBytes());
                System.out.println("Send Message is:'" + messageStr + "'");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            ConnUtil.close(channel);
            ConnUtil.close(connection);
        }
    }

}

当发送消息成功后，将rabbitmq重启，查询消息是否还存在。


ACK确认机制
生产者确认：

public class Producer03_routing01 {

    //队列名称
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL = "queue_inform_email";
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_SMS = "queue_inform_sms";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM = "exchange_routing_inform";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;

        try {
            connection = ConnUtil.getConnection();
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            //声明exchange并持久化设置
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);
            //声明queue并持久化设置
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_SMS, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_SMS);


            // 将channel设置成 confirm 模式
            channel.confirmSelect();

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                String messageStr = "email inform to user" + i;
                //设置消息持久化
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_BASIC ,messageStr.getBytes());
                if(channel.waitForConfirms()){
                    System.out.println("成功");
                }else{
                    System.out.println("失败");
                }
                System.out.println("Send Message is:'" + messageStr + "'");
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            ConnUtil.close(channel);
            ConnUtil.close(connection);
        }
    }

}

消息者确认

public class Consumer03_routing_email {
    //队列名称
    private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL = "queue_inform_email";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM = "exchange_routing_inform";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        Connection connection = ConnUtil.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_INFORM, QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL);

        //定义消费方法
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                long deliveryTag = envelope.getDeliveryTag();
                String exchange = envelope.getExchange();
                String message = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println(message);
                //false 重新放入队列  true直接丢弃
                channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), true);
            }
        };
        //设置手动确认
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_INFORM_EMAIL, false, defaultConsumer);
    }

}

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/flyrock/p/8859203.html