归并排序 + 求逆序对数

Ultra-QuickSort

Time Limit: 7000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 67666		Accepted: 25338

Description

In this problem, you have to analyze a particular sorting algorithm. The algorithm processes a sequence of n distinct integers by swapping two adjacent sequence elements until the sequence is sorted in ascending order. For the input sequence 
9 1 0 5 4 ,
Ultra-QuickSort produces the output 
0 1 4 5 9 .
Your task is to determine how many swap operations Ultra-QuickSort needs to perform in order to sort a given input sequence.

Input

The input contains several test cases. Every test case begins with a line that contains a single integer n < 500,000 -- the length of the input sequence. Each of the the following n lines contains a single integer 0 ≤ a[i] ≤ 999,999,999, the i-th input sequence element. Input is terminated by a sequence of length n = 0. This sequence must not be processed.

Output

For every input sequence, your program prints a single line containing an integer number op, the minimum number of swap operations necessary to sort the given input sequence.

Sample Input

5
9
1
0
5
4
3
1
2
3
0

Sample Output

6

0

题解 ：归并算法应用：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll a[500005],t[500005];

ll ans=0;

void fun(int l,int r){
if(l==r)                              // 拆分成单个数字
return ;
int mid=(l+r)>>1;             
fun(l,mid);                         // 递归拆分
fun(mid+1,r);

int i=l,j=mid+1,p=l;                        // 分成两部分依次合并
while(i<=mid&&j<=r){
if(a[i]>a[j]){
t[p++]=a[j++];
ans+=(mid-i+1);           //此时两边都是排好序了的，当前面的序列中有一个数大于后面的一个数时，前面序列中剩下的数都大于这个数，共mid-i+1个
}
else{
t[p++]=a[i++];
}
}

while(i<=mid){
t[p++]=a[i++];
}
while(j<=r){
t[p++]=a[j++];
}
for(int i=l;i<=r;i++){
a[i]=t[i];
}
}

int main(){
int n;
while(scanf("%d",&n),n){
ans=0;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%lld",&a[i]);
}
fun(0,n-1);
printf("%lld\n",ans);
    }
return 0;
}