Design Pattern_State(状态机模式)

参考jdon：http://www.jdon.com/designpatterns/designpattern_State.htm

我觉得state应该用的很多，许多动作都是依赖于状态的

说说我理解的几个要点：

1.state主要用在需要多个状态开关切换，且有多种切换方式

2.对象的操作决定于状态

3.将状态和状态相关（甚至是状态切换的操作）都放到state中

4.context负责操作调用state，但不负责管理，管理由state自己负责

我自己也写一个例子：

售票员买票，在空闲和忙碌这两种状态切换

/*
 * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package state;

/**
 *
 * @author blacklaw
 */
public class DP_State {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO code application logic here
        Conductor conductor = new Conductor();
        conductor.setState(new Idle());
        conductor.sell();
        conductor.next();
        conductor.sell();
        conductor.next();
        conductor.sell();        
        
    }
    abstract class State{
        //下一步
        abstract public void next(Conductor c);
        //返回
        abstract public void back(Conductor c);
        abstract public void sell();
    }
    /**
     * 空闲状态
     */
    static class Idle extends State{

        @Override
        public void next(Conductor c) {
            c.state = new Busy();
        }

        @Override
        public void sell() {
            System.out.println("我来给你准备一张票");
        }

        @Override
        public void back(Conductor c) {
            c.state = new Busy();
        }
        
    }
    /**
     * 忙碌状态
     */
    static class Busy extends State{

        @Override
        public void next(Conductor c) {
            c.state = new Idle();
        }

        @Override
        public void sell() {
            System.out.println("等等，我很忙!");
        }

        @Override
        public void back(Conductor c) {
            c.state = new Idle();
        }

    }
    /**
     * 售票员
     */
    static class Conductor{
        State state;
        public void setState(State s){
            this.state = s;
        }
        public void next(){
            this.state.next(this);
        }
        public void back(){
            this.state.back(this);
        }
        public void sell(){
            this.state.sell();
        }
    }
    

}