Linux中，PR值表示进程的实际优先级，由NI值（优先值）加上20得出。NI是用户层面的概念，PR是内核视角的优先级。普通进程PR=NI+20，实时进程显示为RT。nice值可调范围为-20~19，root用户可以调整任意程序的nice值，而普通用户只能调整自己的程序，且只能调高。调整方法包括使用nice和renice命令。通过修改/etc/security/limits.conf可以设置用户的所有进程优先级。
1. Linux top命令输出中PR值和NI值有什么不同
NI 是优先值，是用户层面的概念， PR是进程的实际优先级， 是给内核（kernel）看（用）的。
一般情况下，PR=NI+20, 如果一个进程的优先级PR是20， 那么它的NI(nice)值就是20-20=0。
可以通过改变NI来改变PR: PRI(new) = PRI(old) + nice
NI is the nice value, which is a user-space concept. PR is the process's actual priority, as viewed by the Linux kernel.
For normal processes, the kernel priority is simply +20 from the nice value. Thus a process with the neutral nice value of zero has a kernel priority of 20. This offset-by-20 is done so that a process with a nice value of -20, the highest priority nice value, receives a kernel priority of zero. Lower numeric values equal higher scheduling priority.
For realtime processes, the kernel priority is the process's real-time priority, but thePR column will simply print RT.
In some versions of the Linux kernel, the kern
NI 是优先值，是用户层面的概念， PR是进程的实际优先级， 是给内核（kernel）看（用）的。
一般情况下，PR=NI+20, 如果一个进程的优先级PR是20， 那么它的NI(nice)值就是20-20=0。
可以通过改变NI来改变PR: PRI(new) = PRI(old) + nice
NI is the nice value, which is a user-space concept. PR is the process's actual priority, as viewed by the Linux kernel.
For normal processes, the kernel priority is simply +20 from the nice value. Thus a process with the neutral nice value of zero has a kernel priority of 20. This offset-by-20 is done so that a process with a nice value of -20, the highest priority nice value, receives a kernel priority of zero. Lower numeric values equal higher scheduling priority.
For realtime processes, the kernel priority is the process's real-time priority, but thePR column will simply print RT.
In some versions of the Linux kernel, the kern
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