qt中根据数据解析的结果动态的创建控件并布局

引言

有时候程序中的控件的个数是无法预测的，当程序启动时，根据解析的数据动态的创建n行m列的控件，并为其布局。下面记录一下动态创建控件，并布局。

运行效果

示例

此示例主要是从json配置文件中读取参数，然后根据参数的个数创建姐买你上的控件并布局。
下面是具体的实现代码：
main.cpp

#include "studentscoredialog.h"

#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    StudentScoreDialog w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

studentscoredialog.h

#ifndef STUDENTSCOREDIALOG_H
#define STUDENTSCOREDIALOG_H

/********************************************
        ======功能描述：=======
        1.根据解析的数据动态创建按钮，并布局,
        2.数据太多超过显示的窗口的大小时，自动添加滚动条。
********************************************/

#include <QDialog>

//具体学生成绩结构
typedef struct studentInfo
{
    QString name;//学生姓名
    qreal   score;//学生成绩
}ST_STUDENTINFO;
typedef ST_STUDENTINFO stuStudent;
typedef struct scoreInfo
{
    QString strClass;//班级
    qreal   arvgScore;//平均成绩
    qreal   totalScore;//总成绩
    uint8_t number;//人数
    QList<stuStudent> students;//学生成绩列表
}ST_SCOREINFO;
typedef ST_SCOREINFO stuScore;

class QVBoxLayout;
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class StudentScoreDialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class StudentScoreDialog : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    StudentScoreDialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~StudentScoreDialog();
protected:
    QString getExePath();//获取可执行文件的路径
    void readStudentJsonFile();//读取json文件
    void parseJsonContent(QByteArray &array);//解析json文件内容
    void createCtrl();//创建控件
    void createEveryClassScore(stuScore &score,QVBoxLayout *vLayout);//创建每一个班级的成绩情况
private:
    Ui::StudentScoreDialog *ui;
    QList<stuScore>         m_stuScoreList;//保存从json文件读取的变量值
};
#endif // STUDENTSCOREDIALOG_H

studentscoredialog.cpp

#include "studentscoredialog.h"
#include "ui_studentscoredialog.h"
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QJsonDocument>
#include <QJsonObject>
#include <QJsonArray>
#include <QJsonParseError>
#include <QFile>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QDebug>

StudentScoreDialog::StudentScoreDialog(QWidget *parent)
    : QDialog(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::StudentScoreDialog)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    setWindowFlags(Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowMaximizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint);
    readStudentJsonFile();
    createCtrl();
}

StudentScoreDialog::~StudentScoreDialog()
{
    delete ui;
}

QString StudentScoreDialog::getExePath()
{
    return QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath();
}

void StudentScoreDialog::readStudentJsonFile()
{
    QString strPath = getExePath() + "/students.json";
    QFile file(strPath);
    if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
        QByteArray byteArray = file.readAll();
        file.close();
        parseJsonContent(byteArray);
    }else {
        qDebug()<<QStringLiteral("文件打开失败！");
    }
}

void StudentScoreDialog::parseJsonContent(QByteArray &array)
{
    QJsonParseError parseError;
    QJsonDocument doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(array,&parseError);
    if (!doc.isEmpty() && parseError.error == QJsonParseError::NoError) {
        QJsonObject rootObject = doc.object();

        if (rootObject.value("msg").toString() == "score") {
            QJsonArray resultArray = rootObject.value("results").toArray();
            for (int i = 0; i < resultArray.size(); ++i) {
                QJsonObject resultObject = resultArray[i].toObject();
                stuScore tempScore;
                tempScore.strClass = resultObject.value("class").toString();
                tempScore.arvgScore = resultObject.value("averageScore").toDouble();
                tempScore.totalScore = resultObject.value("totalScore").toDouble();
                tempScore.number = resultObject.value("number").toInt();
                QJsonArray studentArray = resultObject.value("students").toArray();
                for (int j = 0; j < studentArray.size(); ++j) {
                    stuStudent tempStudent;
                    QJsonObject studentObject = studentArray.at(j).toObject();
                    tempStudent.name = studentObject.value("name").toString();
                    tempStudent.score = studentObject.value("score").toDouble();
                    tempScore.students.append(tempStudent);
                }
                m_stuScoreList.append(tempScore);
            }
        }
    }
}

void StudentScoreDialog::createCtrl()
{
    QWidget *widget = ui->scrollAreaWidgetContents;
    QVBoxLayout *vLayout = new QVBoxLayout(widget);
    vLayout->setSpacing(5);
    vLayout->setContentsMargins(5,5,5,5);

    for (int i = 0;  i < m_stuScoreList.size(); ++i) {
        QGroupBox *groupBox = new QGroupBox;
        QVBoxLayout *groupVlayout = new QVBoxLayout(groupBox);
        groupVlayout->setSpacing(5);
        groupVlayout->setContentsMargins(5,0,5,0);
        stuScore classScore = m_stuScoreList.at(i);
        createEveryClassScore(classScore,groupVlayout);

        vLayout->addWidget(groupBox);
    }
}

void StudentScoreDialog::createEveryClassScore(stuScore &score, QVBoxLayout *vLayout)
{
    QHBoxLayout *hLayout = new QHBoxLayout;
    QLabel *classLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("班级："));
    QLineEdit *classEdit = new QLineEdit(score.strClass);
    QLabel *averageLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("平均成绩："));
    QLineEdit *averageEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(score.arvgScore));
    QLabel *totalLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("总成绩："));
    QLineEdit *totalEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(score.totalScore));
    QLabel *numberLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("人数："));
    QLineEdit *numberEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(score.number));
    hLayout->addWidget(classLabel);
    hLayout->addWidget(classEdit);
    hLayout->addWidget(averageLabel);
    hLayout->addWidget(averageEdit);
    hLayout->addWidget(totalLabel);
    hLayout->addWidget(totalEdit);
    hLayout->addWidget(numberLabel);
    hLayout->addWidget(numberEdit);
    vLayout->addLayout(hLayout);

    QHBoxLayout *scoreLayout = nullptr;
    for (int i = 0; i < score.students.size(); ++i) {
        if (i % 4 == 0) {
            scoreLayout = new QHBoxLayout;
            scoreLayout->setSpacing(5);
            scoreLayout->setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0);
            vLayout->addLayout(scoreLayout);
        }
        stuStudent tempStudent = score.students[i];
        QLabel *nameLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("姓名："));
        QLineEdit *nameEdit = new QLineEdit(tempStudent.name);
        nameEdit->setFixedWidth(120);
        QLabel *scoreLabel = new QLabel(QStringLiteral("成绩："));
        QLineEdit *scoreEdit = new QLineEdit(QString::number(tempStudent.score));
        scoreEdit->setFixedWidth(50);
        scoreLayout->addWidget(nameLabel);
        scoreLayout->addWidget(nameEdit);
        scoreLayout->addWidget(scoreLabel);
        scoreLayout->addWidget(scoreEdit);
        if (i == score.students.size() - 1 && score.students.size() % 4 != 0) {
            scoreLayout->addStretch();
        }
    }
}

ui文件中添加的控件：

创建的项目的结构：

此项目中读取的配置文件students.json,配置文件的内容如下：
students.json

{
	"msg":"score",
	"results":[
	{
		"class":"二年级一班",
		"averageScore":78,
		"totalScore":936,
		"number":12,
		"students":[{
			"name":"李明",
			"score":77
		},{
			"name":"胡书",
			"score":77
		},{
			"name":"扫速度",
			"score":79
		},{
			"name":"山山倒",
			"score":80
		},{
			"name":"阿萨",
			"score":68
		},{
			"name":"维欧",
			"score":77
		},{
			"name":"奇数",
			"score":75
		},{
			"name":"使能",
			"score":78
		},{
			"name":"水浇地",
			"score":69
		},{
			"name":"当数据",
			"score":87
		},{
			"name":"但是",
			"score":76
		},{
			"name":"撒口",
			"score":79
		}]
	},{
		"class":"二年级二班",
		"averageScore":80,
		"totalScore":960,
		"number":12,
		"students":[{
			"name":"蛋黄酥",
			"score":77
		},{
			"name":"随机",
			"score":79
		},{
			"name":"奥斯基",
			"score":80
		},{
			"name":"赛德克",
			"score":78
		},{
			"name":"收到",
			"score":83
		},{
			"name":"卡松",
			"score":77
		},{
			"name":"欧俄",
			"score":86
		},{
			"name":"撒旦",
			"score":78
		},{
			"name":"喀什",
			"score":84
		},{
			"name":"科奥",
			"score":87
		},{
			"name":"杰斯",
			"score":76
		},{
			"name":"欧维",
			"score":83
		}]
	}
	]
}

整个工程就如上面所示，程序启动的时候根据从配置文件中获取的参数来创建控件，并布局，上面虽使用了栅格布局，但设置了姓名和成绩的控件的宽度，故而将窗口最大化之后不能很完美的显示控件，即成绩和姓名行编辑器没有被拉伸，注释掉对姓名和成绩行编辑器的宽度设置后可以最大化窗口，同时拉伸控件。