AVFoundation笔记

这几天研究了下AVFoundation框架，在这里做下笔记备用

一、播放

先初始化一个AVAsset资源，创建AVPlayerItem用于AVPlayer播放。
要将视频显示到view上，需要AVPlayerLayer，将layer添加进view。

NSURL *url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"video" withExtension:@"m4v"];
    _asset = [AVAsset assetWithURL:url];
    _playerItem = [AVPlayerItem playerItemWithAsset:_asset];

    [_playerItem addObserver:self                                       
                          forKeyPath:STATUS_KEYPATH
                             options:0
                             context:&PlayerItemStatusContext];


    _player = [AVPlayer playerWithPlayerItem:_playerItem];
    AVPlayerLayer *playerLayer = [AVPlayerLayer playerLayerWithPlayer:_player];
//    playerLayer.videoGravity=AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
    playerLayer.frame=[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds;
    playerLayer.backgroundColor=[[UIColor whiteColor] CGColor];

    [self.view.layer addSublayer:playerLayer];

视频的播放需要添加kvo监听item的播放状态，如下

- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context {

    if (context == &PlayerItemStatusContext) {

        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{                        // 1

            [self.playerItem removeObserver:self forKeyPath:STATUS_KEYPATH];

            if (self.playerItem.status == AVPlayerItemStatusReadyToPlay) {

                [self.player play];

            } else {
                UIAlertView *alertView =[[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Error"
                                                                    message:@"Failed to load video"
                                                                   delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK"
                                                          otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
                [alertView show];
            }
        });
    }
}

二、视频截图

截取视频可使用AVAssetImageGenerator截获图片，先创建一组CMTime的数组，代表需要截取的时间点，执行generateCGImagesAsynchronouslyForTimes会多次执行block，因此这里我设置一个标注imageCount，每次减1，当建为0时，代表已经全部截取完图片

self.imageGenerator =                                                   // 1
    [AVAssetImageGenerator assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:self.asset];

    // Generate the @2x equivalent
    self.imageGenerator.maximumSize = CGSizeMake(200.0f, 0.0f);             // 2

    CMTime duration = self.asset.duration;

    NSMutableArray *times = [NSMutableArray array];                         // 3
    CMTimeValue increment = duration.value / 20;
    CMTimeValue currentValue = 2.0 * duration.timescale;
    while (currentValue <= duration.value) {
        CMTime time = CMTimeMake(currentValue, duration.timescale);
        [times addObject:[NSValue valueWithCMTime:time]];
        currentValue += increment;
    }

    __block NSUInteger imageCount = times.count;                            // 4
    __block NSMutableArray *images = [NSMutableArray array];

    AVAssetImageGeneratorCompletionHandler handler;                         // 5

    handler = ^(CMTime requestedTime,
                CGImageRef imageRef,
                CMTime actualTime,
                AVAssetImageGeneratorResult result,
                NSError *error) {

        if (result == AVAssetImageGeneratorSucceeded) {                     // 6
            UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
            id thumbnail = [THThumbnail thumbnailWithImage:image time:actualTime];
            [images addObject:thumbnail];
        } else {
            NSLog(@"Error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
        }

        // If the decremented image count is at 0, we're all done.
        if (--imageCount == 0) {                                            
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                [self setImage:images];
            });
        }
    };

    [self.imageGenerator generateCGImagesAsynchronouslyForTimes:times       // 8
                                              completionHandler:handler];

如果只是为了截取一张图片，比如封面，可使用copyCGImageAtTime，如下：

AVAssetImageGenerator *assetImageGenerator = [[AVAssetImageGenerator alloc] initWithAsset:asset];

    assetImageGenerator.appliesPreferredTrackTransform =YES;

    assetImageGenerator.apertureMode =AVAssetImageGeneratorApertureModeEncodedPixels;

    CGImageRef thumbnailImageRef = NULL;

    NSError *thumbnailImageGenerationError = nil;

    CMTime time = CMTimeMakeWithSeconds(0.0, 600);

    thumbnailImageRef = [assetImageGenerator copyCGImageAtTime:time actualTime:NULL error:&thumbnailImageGenerationError];

    if (!thumbnailImageRef)
        NSLog(@"thumbnailImageGenerationError %@", thumbnailImageGenerationError);



    UIImage *thumbnailImage = thumbnailImageRef ? [[UIImage alloc] initWithCGImage:thumbnailImageRef] :nil;

    CGImageRelease(thumbnailImageRef);

三、视频截取片段导出

通常截取视频的时候我们做一个视频截取的界面，用于选取截取的范围，而且让视频可以在选取的范围内播放，这个地方可以使用AVPlayerItem的reversePlaybackEndTime和forwardPlaybackEndTime控制播放范围，同时可以用于记录截取范围。
reversePlaybackEndTime表示了视频反向播放时的结束点
forwardPlaybackEndTime表示正向播放结束点。
通常视频播放到结束点（默认是播放到视频结束），会触发通知AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTimeNotification。所以，我们可以监听通知来处理一下逻辑（比如循环播放）

- (void)addItemEndObserverForPlayerItem {

    NSOperationQueue *queue = [NSOperationQueue mainQueue];

    __weak ViewController *weakSelf = self;
    void (^callback)(NSNotification *note) = ^(NSNotification *notification) {
        [weakSelf.player seekToTime:kCMTimeZero
                  completionHandler:^(BOOL finished) {
                      [weakSelf.playerItem seekToTime:weakSelf.playerItem.reversePlaybackEndTime completionHandler:^(BOOL finished){
                          [weakSelf.player play];
                      }];
                  }];
    };


    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTimeNotification
                                                      object:self.playerItem
                                                       queue:queue
                                                  usingBlock:callback];
}

当播放结束时，seekToTime让播放点回到reversePlaybackEndTime，实现在选取范围内循环播放视频。

最后，导出视频可使用AVAssetExportSession通过exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler来导出

[self.player pause];//先暂停视频
self.exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:self.asset presetName:AVAssetExportPresetMediumQuality];//设置编码质量

    self.exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeQuickTimeMovie;//设置输出文件类型
    self.exportSession.shouldOptimizeForNetworkUse = YES;

    CMTime startTime = self.playerItem.reversePlaybackEndTime;
    CMTime endTime = self.playerItem.forwardPlaybackEndTime;
    CMTimeRange timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(startTime, endTime);    // 3

    NSDateFormatter *formater = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];//用时间给文件全名，以免重复，在测试的时候其实可以判断文件是否存在若存在，则删除，重新生成文件即可
    [formater setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd-HH:mm:ss"];

    NSString *documentsDirPath =[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];

    NSString * resultPath = [documentsDirPath stringByAppendingPathComponent: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"output-%@.mp4", [formater stringFromDate:[NSDate date]]]];
    NSLog(@"resultPath = %@",resultPath);

    self.exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:resultPath];//设置输入路径

     __weak ViewController *weakSelf = self;
    [self.exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        AVAssetExportSessionStatus status = weakSelf.exportSession.status;
        if (status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted");
        }else{
            NSLog(@"AVAssetExportSessionStatusFailed:%@",weakSelf.exportSession.error);
        }

    }];

PS：元数据

AVAsset具有多种属性，提供有关资源的信息（时长、标题、日期），但是，当创建时，资源就是对基础媒体文件的处理，而属性使用了延迟加载的方法，直到请求时才载人。
查询元数据使用loadValuesAsynchronouslyForKeys方法进行查询。使用statusOfValueForKey方法获取属性的加载状态。
如下，查询资源标题：

 __weak ViewController *weakSelf = self;
    [self.asset loadValuesAsynchronouslyForKeys:@[@"commonMetadata"] completionHandler:^{
        AVKeyValueStatus status =
        [self.asset statusOfValueForKey:@"commonMetadata" error:nil];
        if (status == AVKeyValueStatusLoaded) {
            NSArray *items =
            [AVMetadataItem metadataItemsFromArray:weakSelf.asset.commonMetadata
                                           withKey:AVMetadataCommonKeyTitle
                                          keySpace:AVMetadataKeySpaceCommon];
            if (items.count > 0) {
                AVMetadataItem *titleItem = [items firstObject];
                NSLog(@"%@",titleItem.value);
            }
        }
    }];