Spring MVC中自定义数组转化中的异常问题分析

功能描述

希望基于HTTP请求中特定字段的透明转化；将字符串信息自动转化为List类型的数据对象，在HTTP Handler的方法中直接使用。

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ConverterController {
    @GetMapping("/converter/list")
    public ResultInfo getUsers(List<User> users) {
        log.info("users:{}", users);

        ResultInfo resultInfo = ResultInfo.success();
        resultInfo.setData(users);

        return resultInfo;
    }
}

ResultInfo用以封装数据处理的数据结构，其接口定义：

@Data
@Builder
public class ResultInfo {
    private int code;
    private Object data;
    private String mesg;

    public static ResultInfo success() {
        return ResultInfo.builder().code(0).mesg("success").build();
    }

    public static ResultInfo fail() {
        return ResultInfo.builder().code(-1).mesg("failure").build();
    }
}

问题描述

在基于Postman的调用中，发生如下问题：
请求链接：

http://localhost:8080/converter/list?users=12-jackchen-25-description,13-michael-22-desp

响应结果中得到异常信息如下：

{
    "timestamp": "2019-09-21T01:39:39.098+0000",
    "status": 500,
    "error": "Internal Server Error",
    "message": "No primary or default constructor found for interface java.util.List",
    "trace": "java.lang.IllegalStateException: No primary or default constructor found for interface java.util.List\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.createAttribute(ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.java:219)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor.createAttribute(ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor.java:84)\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.resolveArgument(ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.java:139)\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument(HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.java:127)\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.getMethodArgumentValues(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:167)\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:134)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:104)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:892)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:797)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1039)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:942)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1005)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:897)\n\tat javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:882)\n\tat javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:118)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:92)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:118)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:93)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:118)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:118)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:526)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)\n\tat org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)\n\tat org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408)\n\tat org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)\n\tat org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:860)\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1587)\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)\n\tat java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)\n\tat java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\n\tat java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)\nCaused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: java.util.List.<init>()\n\tat java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:3082)\n\tat java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.java:2178)\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.annotation.ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.createAttribute(ModelAttributeMethodProcessor.java:216)\n\t... 53 more\n",
    "path": "/converter/list"
}

其中关键的信息为：

"java.lang.IllegalStateException: No primary or default constructor found for interface java.util.List

问题分析

从异常信息来看，是无法找到可用的构造方法。从异常中的代码来看，可以推测中，尝试将string直接转化为List，但是却没有使用到相应的Converter实现类：StringToCollectionConverter。

问题解决

在请求入口参数的位置，新增RequestParam(“users”)，用以指定提取数据参数。
修改后的代码如下：

   @GetMapping("/converter/list")
    public ResultInfo getUsers(@RequestParam("users") List<User> users) {
        log.info("users:{}", users);

        ResultInfo resultInfo = ResultInfo.success();
        resultInfo.setData(users);

        return resultInfo;
    }

问题解决

重新测试之后，问题解决，可以将请求字符串透明解析为List.
请求信息： http://localhost:8080/converter/list?users=12-jackchen-25-description,13-michael-22-desp
响应结果：

{
    "code": 0,
    "data": [
        {
            "id": 12,
            "name": "jackchen",
            "age": 25,
            "note": "description"
        },
        {
            "id": 13,
            "name": "michael",
            "age": 22,
            "note": "desp"
        }
    ],
    "mesg": "success"
}

总结

这里的问题是需要显示指定请求参数， @RequestParam(“users”)。否则，Spring MVC将尝试推测如何来提取参数，然后进行数据的映射转化，这里应是问题发生的根源。