04. Spring开发的基本配置

设置pom.xml依赖，添加spring-mvc依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.bailiang</groupId>
    <artifactId>myshop</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <spring-version>4.3.24.RELEASE</spring-version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.26</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

设置web.xml

添加Spring-context配置文件路径和监听器，用于Spring自动创建ApplicationContext对象

<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-context*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
<listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

添加Spring过滤器，用于解决中文显示问题

<filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

配置Spring的核心分发器：DispatcherServlet

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <!-- 添加一个spring-mvc.xml文件，用于配置SpringMVC -->
        <param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc*.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 启动优先级 指定Spring的Servlet最先启动，否则有jvm决定启动顺序 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

设置spring-mvc.xml

注意添加xmlns:mvc命名空间和命名空间路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       ">
    <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持件 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 加载本配置文件中属性值的配置文件，这里属性的配置值保存在myshop.properties文件中 -->
    <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:myshop.properties" />
    <!-- 设置组件扫描过滤器，只扫描包"com.bailiang.myshop"下的组件 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bailiang.myshop" use-default-filters="false">
        <!-- 设置扫描规则：include(包含)的过滤器是扫描Annotion（注解），这里只扫描@Controller注解 -->
        <!-- 也可以设置exclude(排除)，这里没有用到 -->
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!-- 定义视图文件解析器，把逻辑视图路径解析成实际的视图文件 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 设置逻辑视图解析为实际视频文件时添加的前缀、后缀 -->
        <!-- value的值引用自myshop.properties中的设置 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="${web.view.prefix}" />
        <property name="suffix" value="${web.view.suffix}" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 静态资源映射 -->
    <!-- /*是路径匹配，/**是全路径匹配 -->
    <!-- 如目录结构：/a/b/c/d，则/*，只能匹配/a，而/**可以匹配/a、/a/b、/a/b/c、 /a/b/c/d -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" cache-period="31536000"/>
</beans>

添加myshop.properties文件并添加配置

#设置逻辑视图的前缀，一般是视图的路径
web.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/views/
#设置逻辑视图的后缀，一般是真实视图文件的扩展名
web.view.suffix=.jsp

修改spring-context.xml配置，去除重复配置

原配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       ">
    <!-- 添加注解支持 -->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <!-- 添加注解扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bailiang.myshop"/>
</beans>

因为在spring-mvc.xml中添加了对 @Controller注解的支持，所以在spring-context.xml可以去掉该支持，修改如下:

<!-- 添加注解扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bailiang.myshop">
    <!-- exlude(去除)对@Controller注解的支持 -->
    <context:exlude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component>

最终的目录结构