我们在安装程序的时候,由于网络的不同可能要采用不同的源来更新自己的软件包,以达到较快的速度。
1、要更新源的时候我们首先备份一下自己原有的源文件:
sudo cp /etc/apt/source.list /etc/apt/source.list.backup
2、修改更新源
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list (打开Ubuntu 12.04源列表文件)
3、将下面的代码粘贴进去(“#”开头的那一行为注释,可以直接复制进文件中)
4、通知ubuntu启用新的更新源 sudo apt-get update
#台湾源deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
#网易 Ubuntu 11.10 源(速度很快)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
#骨头源,骨头源是bones7456架设的一个Ubuntu源 ,提供ubuntu,deepin
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
#mirror.lupaworld.com的源,速度很快
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
#ubuntu.cn99.com源(推荐):
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
#电子科技大学
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#中国科技大学
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#北京理工大学
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
#兰州大学
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
#上海交通大学
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
1、APT方式
(1)普通安装:apt-get install softname1 softname2 …;
(2)修复安装:apt-get -f install softname1 softname2... ;(-f Atemp to correct brokendependencies)
(3)重新安装:apt-get --reinstall install softname1 softname2...;
2、Dpkg方式
(1)普通安装:dpkg -i package_name.deb
3、源码安装(.tar、tar.gz、tar.bz2、tar.Z)
首先解压缩源码压缩包然后通过tar命令来完成
a.解xx.tar.gz:tar zxf xx.tar.gz
b.解xx.tar.Z:tar zxf xx.tar.Z
c.解xx.tgz:tar zxf xx.tgz
d.解xx.bz2:bunzip2 xx.bz2
e.解xx.tar:tar xf xx.tar
然后进入到解压出的目录中,建议先读一下README之类的说明文件,因为此时不同源代码包或者预编译包可能存在差异,然后建议使用ls -F --color或者ls -F命令(实际上我的只需要 l 命令即可)查看一下可执行文件,可执行文件会以*号的尾部标志。
一般依次执行./configure
make
sudo make install
即可完成安装。
二、Ubuntu中软件包的卸载方法
1、APT方式
(1)移除式卸载:apt-get remove softname1 softname2 …;(移除软件包,当包尾部有+时,意为安装)
(2)清除式卸载 :apt-get --purge remove softname1 softname2...;(同时清除配置)
清除式卸载:apt-get purge sofname1 softname2...;(同上,也清除配置文件)
2、Dpkg方式
(1)移除式卸载:dpkg -r pkg1 pkg2 ...;
(2)清除式卸载:dpkg -P pkg1 pkg2...;