Android 源码编译 文件系统制作

Android Source Code Download
TOP Website

android 的最新源代码下载的官方网站是：http://source.android.com
源代码的下载说明页面是：http://source.android.com/download （现在貌似用还用不了）
现在的网站是http://git.android.com
TOP Create Directory

在HOME(/home/justin)目录下创建如下目录结构：

/home/justin/android :
总计 36
drwxr-xr-x 7 justin justin 4096 01-15 10:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 58 justin justin 12288 01-15 10:39 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 justin justin 4096 01-15 10:34 applications
drwxr-xr-x 2 justin justin 4096 01-15 10:33 downloads
drwxr-xr-x 2 justin justin 4096 01-15 12:34 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 justin justin 4096 01-15 10:33 sdk
drwxr-xr-x 2 justin justin 4096 01-15 10:33 src
drwxr-xr-x 2 justin justin 4096 01-15 10:34 tools

将该目录添加到PATH环境变量：

export PATH=$HOME/android/bin:$PATH

如果需要反复使用，需要将这一行加入~/.bashrc启动脚本中
TOP Donwload Tool Chain
TOP Git

Git的版本在1.5.4之上

sudo apt-get install git-core
TOP Proxy

安装代理软件：

apt-get install connect-proxy


 Repo

repo是包装了git命令的python


脚本：


curl http://android.git.kernel.org/repo > ~/android/bin/repo


网关内部需要设置curl代理

假设网段的（http）代理为：wwwgate.freeshell.net:8080

curl --proxy wwwgate.freeshell.net:8080 http://android.git.kernel.org/repo > ~/android/bin/repo
加上可执行权限

chmod a+x ~/android/bin/repo


Python

Python的版本在2.4之上
sudo apt-get install python


JDK 1.6


在下列地址下载： http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads 解压得到如下文件： ~/android /downloads/jdk-6u11-linux-i586.bin

cd ~/android/downloads


chmode a+x jdk-6u11-linux-i586.bin
运行这个可执行文件， 将生成的目录jdk1.6.0_11拷贝到/usr/local/下

将下列环境变量加入~/.bashrc:

export PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_11/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_11
export ANDROID_JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME


tools


sudo apt-get install gcc g++

sudo apt-get install flex bison gperf libsdl1.2-dev libesd0-dev libwxgtk2.6-dev /
build-essential zip curl libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev valgrind libreadline5-dev
如果因为缺少X11/Xatom.h和X11/Xlib.h导致的build失败，


可以安装如下包：

sudo apt-get install x11proto-core-dev # provides Xatom.h
sudo apt-get install libx11-dev # provides Xlib.h



交叉编译环境


android emulator 默认的目标代码是arm7的代码。如果需要将目标代码移植到其他版本的arm平台上去，需要重新配置相应的交叉编译环境。
TOP 下载Android平台源代码

1. 初始化要下载的文件列表：

cd ~/android/src


repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git


如果想检出除master外其他分支上的代码可以用-b选项：

cd ~/android/src
repo init -u git://android.git.kernel.org/platform/manifest.git -b cupcake



2. 配置git帐户

git config --global user.email "xxxxx@xxxxxxx"
git config --global user.name "xxxxxx"


3. 同步文件列表：

repo sync


在第一次下载全部代码完成后，可以按模块更新子项目的代码：

repo sync project-path



其中的project-path可以在src/.repo/manifests/default.xml中找到：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<manifest>

<remote name="korg"

fetch="git://android.git.kernel.org/"

review="review.source.android.com" />

<default revision="master" remote="korg" />

<project path="build" name="platform/build">

<copyfile src="core/root.mk" dest="Makefile" />

</project>

<project path="kernel"

name="kernel/common"

revision="refs/heads/android-2.6.27" />

<project path="bionic" name="platform/bionic" />

<project path="bootable/bootloader/legacy" name="platform/bootable/bootloader/legacy" />

<project path="bootable/diskinstaller" name="platform/bootable/diskinstaller" />

<project path="bootable/recovery" name="platform/bootable/recovery" />

... ...



在网关内部使用需要设置代理：



新建如下文件： #!/bin/sh
# /home/justin/android/bin/socks-gw.sh
# This script connects to a HTTP proxy using connect.c
connect -H wwwgate.freeshell.net:8080 #!/bin/sh
# /home/justin/android/bin/socks-ssh.sh
ssh -o ProxyCommand="/home/justin/android/bin/socks-gw.sh %h %p" $@
增加这两个文件的可执行权限：


chmod a+x /home/justin/android/bin/socks-ssh.sh

chmod a+x /home/justin/android/bin/socks-gw.sh


可以将所有代理的环境变量放在：


#!/bin/sh

# /home/justin/proxy.sh

# http proxy setting

export HTTP_PROXY=http://wwwgate.freeshell.net:8080

export http_proxy=$HTTP_PROXY

# set git to use ssh over http proxy

export GIT_SSH="/home/justin/android/bin/socks-ssh.sh"

export GIT_PROXY_COMMAND="/home/justin/android/bin/socks-gw.sh"


需要的时候运行：


. ~/proxy.sh



编译Android平台以及SDK



完全编译


编译映像

cd ~/android/src

make

映像编译成功后会在目录~/android/src/out/target/product/generic


下产生一些image文件

ramdisk.img system.img userdata.img android -info.txt

验证，运行这些模块：

export ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT=/home/justin/android/src/out/target/product/generic


cd out/host/linux-x86/bin


./emulator


此时可能出现如下错误

SDL init failure, reason is: No available video device

需要设置下图形server

# export DISPLAY=:0



SDK编译



在做完一次完全编译后，就可以build SDK了。

make sdk

注意：如果需要build SDK，需要安装sun-java5-jdk, 而不是sun-java6-jdk,否则会出现如下错误：

build/core/product_config.mk:207: WARNING: adding test OTA key


============================================

TARGET_PRODUCT=generic

TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng

TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release

TARGET_ARCH=arm

HOST_ARCH=x86

HOST_OS=linux

HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release

BUILD_ID=



============================================



Combining NOTICE files: out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE.txt

Finding NOTICE files: out/host/linux-x86/obj/NOTICE_FILES/hash-timestamp

Combining NOTICE files: out/host/linux-x86/obj/NOTICE.txt

out/target/product/generic/generic-img-eng.justin.zip

SDK buildinfo: out/target/product/generic/sdk/sdk-build.prop

Docs droiddoc: out/target/common/docs/dx


此时，可以考虑重新安装sun jdk5, 或者直接从http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads


下载到~/android


/downloads/jdk-1_5_0_17-linux-i586.bin

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk

并设置相应的.bashrc命令。


sdk编译成功后会在~/android /src /out/host/linux-x86/sdk/ 生成sdk的文件目录和压缩包：

android -sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86
android -sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86.zip

并在~/android /src /out/target/product/generic（generic是默认的产品名）下打包所有的映像文件：

generic-img-eng.justin.zip

生成的SDK目录结构为：

/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86:



总计 32



drwxrwx--- 6 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 .

drwxr-x--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:09 ..

drwxrwx--- 2 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 add-ons

drwxrwx--- 14 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 docs

-rw-rw---- 1 justin justin 172 02-13 17:08 documentation.html

drwxrwx--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 platforms

-rw-rw---- 1 justin justin 225 02-13 17:08 RELEASE_NOTES.txt

drwxrwx--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:08 tools




安装生成的SDK只需要在.bashrc中增加：


export PATH=$PATH:/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools

为了使用方便，将生成的SDK目录链结至~/android


/sdk:


ln -sf /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools /

~/android/sdk


模块编译


在src目录执行：

cd ~/android/src

. build/envsetup.sh


envsetup.sh 提供了一些的bash函数定义，当运行了envsetup.sh后就可以使用help



命令来查看：


help


得到这些命令的帮助信息：


Invoke ". build/envsetup.sh" from your shell to add the following functions to your environment:

- croot: Changes directory to the top of the tree.

- m: Makes from the top of the tree.

- mm: Builds all of the modules in the current directory.

- mmm: Builds all of the modules in the supplied directories

- cgrep: Greps on all local C/C++ files.

- jgrep: Greps on all local Java files.

- resgrep: Greps on all local res/*.xml files.

Look at the source to view more functions. The complete list is:

add_lunch_combo cgrep check_product check_variant choosecombo chooseproduct choosetype choosevariant croot findmakefile gd

bclient get_abs_build_var getbugreports get_build_var getprebuilt gettop help isviewserverstarted jgrep lunch m mm mmm pid

printconfig print_lunch_menu resgrep runhat runtest setpaths set_sequence_number set_stuff_for_environment settitle smoke

test startviewserver stopviewserver tapas tracedmdump



其中对模块的编译有帮助的是tapas、m、mm、mmm这几个命令。


1.tapas - 以交互方式设置build环境，以下是运行效果：

tapas

第一步，选择目标设备：

Build for the simulator or the device?


1. Device

2. Simulator


Which would you like? [1]


第二步，选择目标代码格式：Build type choices are:

1. release

2. debug


Which would you like? [1]



第三步，选择产品平台：


Product choices are:

1. emulator

2. generic

3. sim



You can also type the name of a product if you know it.



Which would you like? [generic]



第四步，在选用参数下构建平台。

2. 独立模块的构件命令

* m: Makes from the top of the tree.
* mm: Builds all of the modules in the current directory.
* mmm: Builds all of the modules in the supplied directories.


其中mmm后面要跟模块的根目录，不是所有的目录下都有子模块，那些含有Android.mk文件目录才是模块的根目录，模块名可以从 Android.mk的LOCAL_MODULE或者LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME变量中得到。

单独编译某模块，需要在mmm后面指定模块路径，例如编译application中的Contacts：

mmm packages/apps/Contacts/



或者在src目录下直接运行make module name ：

cd ~/android/src



make Contacts



TOP 增量编译的步骤

1. 修改代码

2. 编译所修改的代码所在模块，例如：

cd ~/android/src



mmm packages/apps/Contacts


3. 在~/android /src 中运行：

cd ~/android/src



make snod



该命令生成一个新的系统映像system.img

4.将这个系统映像拷贝至sdk下：

cd ~/android/src

cp out/target/product/generic/system.img /

out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/lib/images/


5. 删除程序遗留的数据：

out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/emulator -wipe-data


制作文件系统


Usually the Android uses YAFFS as rootfs and uses the mtd device as storage media, the bad blocks in the mtd device seldom cause YAFFS file system to work abnormally. if the Android uses NFS as the rootfs, there will not exist such problem. So here is the solution to use NFS as the rootfs of Android.

1.        Setup host machine as NFS server (I will use ubuntu 8.0.4 as an example.).

$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server portmap

$ sudo mkdir /nfsroot

$ sudo vim /etc/exports 

      Add one line in /etc/exports,

/nfsroot  192.168.1.101(rw,no_root_squash ,sync)
Then restart NFS server.

 $ sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart Here setups an NFS server which exports /nfsroot directory only to 192.168.1.101(Which is the default IP address of Android eth0).

2.          Build a Linux kernel image to use NFS as rootfs.

$make menuconfig

Modify the default setup. In "general setup" section, uncheck the "initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk(initramfs/initrd) support".  In "file systems" section, check the "Network File Systems" and mark it as kernel built-in. In "boot options" section, add the kernel parameter "root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.100:/nfsroot init=/init ". 192.168.1.100 is the IP address of host machine running NFS server.

3.          Modify init program.

      To make log system work, in the device/system/init modify the device.c by change the statement '!strncmp(uevent->path,"/class/misc/",12) && !strncmp(name, "log_", 4) to '!strncmp(name, "log_", 4) '. 

4.          Modify init.rc config file.

      Comment out below statements

mount rootfs rootfs /ro remount

mount yaffs mtd@system /system

mount yaffs2 mtd@system /system ro remout

mount yaffs2 mtd@userdata /data nosuid nodev

mount yaffs2 mtd@cache /cache nosuid nodev

5.          Add the user id and group id used by android on the NFS server.

      Android does not use /ect/passwd file to record the user name and user id, it uses a fixed method to map the user name to user id through the head file device/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h, e.g. the user "system" has the user id of 1000.

      So to correctly set the file ownership(owner and group), the NFS server should have these users with correct user IDs. Such as system(1000). For ubuntu, you can call like this.

$sudo userdd -u 1000 android_system

     

6.    This step is not necessary. It only allows you to display a user name in the develop machine. 6.          Prepare the rootfs.

      Assume the built output of device lies in device/out/target/product/***/, which is called $OUTPUTDIR later. Do the follwings:

$cp -rf $OUTPUTDIR/root/* /nfsroot

$cp -rf $OUTPUTDIR/system /nfsroot

$cp -rf $OUTPUTDIR/data /nfsroo


参考



http://mmmyddd.freeshell.net/wiki/android/build.html#top