我们都知道,在JDK1.5之前,
Java中要进行业务并发时,通常需要有程序员独立完成代码实现,而当针对高质量
Java多线程并发程序设计时,为防止死蹦等现象的出现,比如使用
java之 前的wait()、notify()和synchronized等,每每需要考虑性能、死锁、公平性、资源管理以及如何避免线程安全性方面带来的危害等诸 多因素,往往会采用一些较为复杂的安全策略,加重了程序员的开发负担.万幸的是,在JDK1.5出现之后,Sun大神终于为我们这些可怜的小程序员推出了
java.util.
concurrent工具包以简化并发完成。开发者们借助于此,将有效的减少竞争条件(race conditions)和死锁线程。
concurrent包很好的解决了这些问题,为我们提供了更实用的并发程序模型。
java.util. concurrent下主要的接口和类:
Executor:具体Runnable任务的执行者。
ExecutorService:一个线程池管理者,其实现类有多种,比如普通线程池,定时调度线程池ScheduledExecutorService等,我们能把一个
Runnable,Callable提交到池中让其调度。
Future:是与Runnable,Callable进行交互的接口,比如一个线程执行结束后取返回的结果等等,还提供了cancel终止线程。
BlockingQueue:阻塞队列。
下面我写一个简单的事例程序:
FutureProxy. java
Test. java
原来很麻烦的并发处理,现在轻松的得以完成。
我认为, concurrent的优点在于:
功能强大且标准化的类库,实现了很多 java thread原生api很费时才能实现的功能。
已经过测试,代码质量有保证,相交自己写代码处理thread,节约了大量的测试时间。
性能上已经过优化,比如以前通过synchronized在并发量大的时候性能会不好,而 concurrent大量用到了非阻塞算法,尽量少用锁减少等待时间。
在 java并发处理中, concurrent已成为毋庸置疑的核心标准。
java.util. concurrent下主要的接口和类:
Executor:具体Runnable任务的执行者。
ExecutorService:一个线程池管理者,其实现类有多种,比如普通线程池,定时调度线程池ScheduledExecutorService等,我们能把一个
Runnable,Callable提交到池中让其调度。
Future:是与Runnable,Callable进行交互的接口,比如一个线程执行结束后取返回的结果等等,还提供了cancel终止线程。
BlockingQueue:阻塞队列。
下面我写一个简单的事例程序:
FutureProxy. java
- package org.test.concurrent;
- /** *//**
- * <p>Title: LoonFramework</p>
- * <p>Description:利用Future模式进行处理</p>
- * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007</p>
- * <p>Company: LoonFramework</p>
- * @author chenpeng
- * @email:ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
- * @version 0.1
- */
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
- import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.Future;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
- public abstract class FutureProxy<T> ...{
- private final class CallableImpl implements Callable<T> ...{
- public T call() throws Exception ...{
- return FutureProxy.this.createInstance();
- }
- }
- private static class InvocationHandlerImpl<T> implements InvocationHandler ...{
- private Future<T> future;
- private volatile T instance;
- InvocationHandlerImpl(Future<T> future)...{
- this.future = future;
- }
- public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
- throws Throwable ...{
- synchronized(this)...{
- if(this.future.isDone())...{
- this.instance = this.future.get();
- }else...{
- while(!this.future.isDone())...{
- try...{
- this.instance = this.future.get();
- }catch(InterruptedException e)...{
- Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
- }
- }
- }
- return method.invoke(this.instance, args);
- }
- }
- }
- /** *//**
- * 实现java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory接口
- * @author chenpeng
- *
- */
- private static final class ThreadFactoryImpl implements ThreadFactory ...{
- public Thread newThread(Runnable r) ...{
- Thread thread = new Thread(r);
- thread.setDaemon(true);
- return thread;
- }
- }
- private static ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactoryImpl());
- protected abstract T createInstance();
- protected abstract Class<? extends T> getInterface();
- /** *//**
- * 返回代理的实例
- * @return
- */
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public final T getProxyInstance() ...{
- Class<? extends T> interfaceClass = this.getInterface();
- if (interfaceClass == null || !interfaceClass.isInterface()) ...{
- throw new IllegalStateException();
- }
- Callable<T> task = new CallableImpl();
- Future<T> future = FutureProxy.service.submit(task);
- return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceClass.getClassLoader(),
- new Class<?>[] ...{ interfaceClass }, new InvocationHandlerImpl(future));
- }
- }
package org.test.concurrent;
/** *//**
* <p>Title: LoonFramework</p>
* <p>Description:利用Future模式进行处理</p>
* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007</p>
* <p>Company: LoonFramework</p>
* @author chenpeng
* @email:ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
public abstract class FutureProxy<T> ...{
private final class CallableImpl implements Callable<T> ...{
public T call() throws Exception ...{
return FutureProxy.this.createInstance();
}
}
private static class InvocationHandlerImpl<T> implements InvocationHandler ...{
private Future<T> future;
private volatile T instance;
InvocationHandlerImpl(Future<T> future)...{
this.future = future;
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable ...{
synchronized(this)...{
if(this.future.isDone())...{
this.instance = this.future.get();
}else...{
while(!this.future.isDone())...{
try...{
this.instance = this.future.get();
}catch(InterruptedException e)...{
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
return method.invoke(this.instance, args);
}
}
}
/** *//**
* 实现java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory接口
* @author chenpeng
*
*/
private static final class ThreadFactoryImpl implements ThreadFactory ...{
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) ...{
Thread thread = new Thread(r);
thread.setDaemon(true);
return thread;
}
}
private static ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactoryImpl());
protected abstract T createInstance();
protected abstract Class<? extends T> getInterface();
/** *//**
* 返回代理的实例
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public final T getProxyInstance() ...{
Class<? extends T> interfaceClass = this.getInterface();
if (interfaceClass == null || !interfaceClass.isInterface()) ...{
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
Callable<T> task = new CallableImpl();
Future<T> future = FutureProxy.service.submit(task);
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceClass.getClassLoader(),
new Class<?>[] ...{ interfaceClass }, new InvocationHandlerImpl(future));
}
}
Test. java
- package org.test.concurrent;
- import java.util.Calendar;
- /** *//**
- * <p>Title: LoonFramework</p>
- * <p>Description:</p>
- * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007</p>
- * <p>Company: LoonFramework</p>
- * @author chenpeng
- * @email:ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
- * @version 0.1
- */
- interface DateTest...{
- String getDate();
- }
- class DateTestImpl implements DateTest...{
- private String _date=null;
- public DateTestImpl()...{
- try...{
- _date+=Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
- //设定五秒延迟
- Thread.sleep(5000);
- }catch(InterruptedException e)...{
- }
- }
- public String getDate() ...{
- return "date "+_date;
- }
- }
- class DateTestFactory extends FutureProxy<DateTest>...{
- @Override
- protected DateTest createInstance() ...{
- return new DateTestImpl();
- }
- @Override
- protected Class<? extends DateTest> getInterface() ...{
- return DateTest.class;
- }
- }
- public class Test...{
- public static void main(String[] args) ...{
- DateTestFactory factory = new DateTestFactory();
- DateTest[] dts = new DateTest[100];
- for(int i=0;i<dts.length;i++)...{
- dts[i]=factory.getProxyInstance();
- }
- //遍历执行
- for(DateTest dt : dts)...{
- System.out.println(dt.getDate());
- }
- }
- }
package org.test.concurrent;
import java.util.Calendar;
/** *//**
* <p>Title: LoonFramework</p>
* <p>Description:</p>
* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007</p>
* <p>Company: LoonFramework</p>
* @author chenpeng
* @email:ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
interface DateTest...{
String getDate();
}
class DateTestImpl implements DateTest...{
private String _date=null;
public DateTestImpl()...{
try...{
_date+=Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
//设定五秒延迟
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch(InterruptedException e)...{
}
}
public String getDate() ...{
return "date "+_date;
}
}
class DateTestFactory extends FutureProxy<DateTest>...{
@Override
protected DateTest createInstance() ...{
return new DateTestImpl();
}
@Override
protected Class<? extends DateTest> getInterface() ...{
return DateTest.class;
}
}
public class Test...{
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
DateTestFactory factory = new DateTestFactory();
DateTest[] dts = new DateTest[100];
for(int i=0;i<dts.length;i++)...{
dts[i]=factory.getProxyInstance();
}
//遍历执行
for(DateTest dt : dts)...{
System.out.println(dt.getDate());
}
}
}
原来很麻烦的并发处理,现在轻松的得以完成。
我认为, concurrent的优点在于:
功能强大且标准化的类库,实现了很多 java thread原生api很费时才能实现的功能。
已经过测试,代码质量有保证,相交自己写代码处理thread,节约了大量的测试时间。
性能上已经过优化,比如以前通过synchronized在并发量大的时候性能会不好,而 concurrent大量用到了非阻塞算法,尽量少用锁减少等待时间。
在 java并发处理中, concurrent已成为毋庸置疑的核心标准。