什么是Hibernate框架
(优势:跨数据库无缝移植)
(劣势:底层代码太多,内存较大,国产数据库的兴起)
一:ORM框架/持久层框架 jdbc的一个框架
二:object reference mapping 对象关系映射
三:通过管理对象来改变数据库中的数据
四:通过管理对象来操作数据库
如何在项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)
一:添加hibernate相关依赖
二:在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)
1.添加DTD支持
2.添加Hibernate的配置
数据库相关(connection.username|connection.password|connection.url|connection.driver_class|dialect)
调试相关(show_sql|format_sql)三:在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(*.hbm.xml)
实体必须实现Serializable接口
小结:hibernate.cfg.xml(1)/*.hbm.xml(N)
实体映射文件一定要加到核心配置文件
Hibernate入门
第一步:创建maven项目并且导入其依赖(具体步骤在maven那篇博客)
注:如何判断jar包没下全(右键Run As然后点击Maven test)
这是测试maven的jar包依赖问题
当显示BUILD SUCCESS时说明搭建成功
第二步:导入Hibernate依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lj</groupId> <artifactId>T269_hibernate</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>T269_hibernate Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version> <hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version> <mysql.driver.version>8.0.19</mysql.driver.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.driver.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>T269_hibernate</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.7.0</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
第三步:新建一个xml文件
在hibernate jar包中找到这四个文件
把第一个中的
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
导入到新建的xml文件里面去
然后导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- 1. 数据库相关 --> <!-- <property name="connection.username">root</property> --> <!-- <property name="connection.password">123456</property> --> <!-- <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://47.100.191.44:3308/lx?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</property> --> <!-- <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> --> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">123456</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis_ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT&useSSL=true</property> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <!-- <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> --> <!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) --> <property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property> <!-- 2. 调试相关 --> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <!-- 配置映射文件 --> <mapping resource="com/lj/entity/User.hbm.xml" /> <!-- 主键生成策略 --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" /> --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" /> --> <!-- 一对多 --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/four/entity/Order.hbm.xml" /> --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/four/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" /> --> <!-- 一对多的自关联 --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml" /> --> <!-- 多对多 --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/Category.hbm.xml" /> --> <!-- <mapping resource="com/zking/five/entity/Book.hbm.xml" /> --> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
再到src/main/java中新建一个xml文件
找到第三个
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将
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
导入到刚刚新建的xml文件中
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <!-- name:类的全限定名 table:类对应的表 id标签: name:类属性 type:类属性对应的java类型 column:数据库类段 property标签: name:类属性 type:类属性对应的java类型 column:数据库类段 --> <class name="com.lj.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id"> <generator class="increment" /> </id> <property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name"> </property> <property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd"> </property> <property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name"> </property> <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex"> </property> <property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday"> </property> <property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime" type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime"> </property> <property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark"> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
第四步:新建实体类(User)
package com.lj.one.entity; import java.sql.Date; import java.sql.Timestamp; public class User { private int id; private String userName; private String userPwd; private String realName; private String sex; private Date birthday; private Timestamp createDatetime; private String remark; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getUserPwd() { return userPwd; } public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) { this.userPwd = userPwd; } public String getRealName() { return realName; } public void setRealName(String realName) { this.realName = realName; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() { return createDatetime; } public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) { this.createDatetime = createDatetime; } public String getRemark() { return remark; } public void setRemark(String remark) { this.remark = remark; } public User() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public User(int id, String userName, String userPwd, String realName, String sex, Date birthday, Timestamp createDatetime, String remark) { super(); this.id = id; this.userName = userName; this.userPwd = userPwd; this.realName = realName; this.sex = sex; this.birthday = birthday; this.createDatetime = createDatetime; this.remark = remark; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName + ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark=" + remark + "]"; } }
第五步:写测试代码开始使用
查询
package com.lj.one.test; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class QueryDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /**使用hibernate * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模 * 2.获取sessionFactory工厂 * 3.获取session会话 * 4.开启事务(查询是不需要的增删改要) * 5.session操作对象 * 6.提交事务(查询不需要事务) * 7.关闭session */ Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml"); SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); List list = session.createQuery("from User").list(); for (Object object : list) { System.out.println(object ); } session.close(); } }
结果展示:
新增
package com.lj.test; import java.sql.Date; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import com.lj.entity.User; public class AddDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模 * 2.获取sessionFactory * 3.获取session会话 * 4.开启事务(查询没有事务) * 5.session操作对象 * 6.提交事务 * 7.关闭session */ Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml"); SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); User user=new User(); user.setBirthday(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())); user.setCreateDatetime(new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis())); user.setId(55); user.setRealName("ddd"); user.setRemark("ddd"); user.setSex("女"); user.setUserName("2133"); user.setUserPwd("1212"); session.save(user); transaction.commit(); session.close(); } }
这里出现一个问题,我传的id为55,但数据库变成了15,
是因为hibernate有4种控制方式
第一种是程序员自己控制:assigned
第二种是数据库控制:identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence
第三种是hibernate控制:increment
第四种是native控制
控制是在上面的那个User.hbm.xml中控制
我们改成自己控制再执行一遍
结果展示:
修改
package com.lj.test; import java.sql.Date; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import com.lj.entity.User; public class EditDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模 * 2.获取sessionFactory * 3.获取session会话 * 4.开启事务(查询没有事务) * 5.session操作对象 * 6.提交事务 * 7.关闭session */ Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml"); SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); User user = session.get(User.class, 55); user.setRealName("哦呵呵"); System.out.println(user); transaction.commit(); session.close(); } }
结果展示:
删除
方式一
package com.lj.test; import java.sql.Date; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import com.lj.entity.User; public class EditDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模 * 2.获取sessionFactory * 3.获取session会话 * 4.开启事务(查询没有事务) * 5.session操作对象 * 6.提交事务 * 7.关闭session */ Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml"); SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); User user = session.get(User.class, 55); session.delete(user); transaction.commit(); session.close(); } }
方式二:
package com.lj.test; import java.sql.Date; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import com.lj.entity.User; public class EditDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 1.对框架核心配置文件进行建模 * 2.获取sessionFactory * 3.获取session会话 * 4.开启事务(查询没有事务) * 5.session操作对象 * 6.提交事务 * 7.关闭session */ Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml"); SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); // User user = session.get(User.class, 55); User user=new User(); user.setId(15); session.delete(user); transaction.commit(); session.close(); } }
结果展示: