常用的Struts 2.0的标志（Tag）介绍

最新推荐文章于 2020-05-23 16:37:03 发布

boy_wh520

最新推荐文章于 2020-05-23 16:37:03 发布

阅读量791

点赞数

文章标签： struts iterator html import include string

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/boy_wh520/article/details/1642158

版权

在上一篇文章《为Struts 2.0做好准备》中，我过于详细地介绍了Struts 2.0开发环境和运行环境的配置，所以，本文很少涉及的以上两方面的细节。如果，您看完《为Struts 2.0做好准备》后，还有什么不明白，或者没法运行文中例子，请联系我。我的E-MAIL：Max.M.Yuan@gmail.com。

在介绍常用标志前，我想先从总体上，对Struts 1.x与Struts 2.0的标志库（Tag Library）作比较。

	Struts 1.x	Struts 2.0
分类	将标志库按功能分成HTML、Tiles、Logic和Bean等几部分	严格上来说，没有分类，所有标志都在URI为“/struts-tags”命名空间下，不过，我们可以从功能上将其分为两大类：非UI标志和UI标志
表达式语言（expression languages）	不支持嵌入语言（EL）	OGNL、JSTL、Groovy和Velcity

以上表格，纯属个人总结，如有所不足或错误，请不吝指正

好了，我要开始介绍“常用”（这里所谓的“常用”，是指在已往工作中使用Struts里经常用到的）的标志了。

要在JSP中使用Struts 2.0标志，先要指明标志的引入。通过在JSP的代码的顶部加入以下代码可以做到这点。
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

非UI标志

if、elseif和else

描述：
执行基本的条件流转。

参数：

名称	必需	默认	类型	描述	备注
test	是	Boolean	决定标志里内容是否显示的表达式	else标志没有这个参数
id	否	Object/String	用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
     < head >
         < title > Condition Flow </ title >
     </ head >
     < body >
         < h3 > Condition Flow </ h3 >
         
         < s:set name ="name" value ="<%= " '" + request.getParameter("name") + "'" % > " />
         < s:if test ="#name == 'Max'" >
            Max's file here
         </ s:if >
         < s:elseif test ="#name == 'Scott'" >
            Scott's file here
         </ s:elseif >
         < s:else >
            Other's file here
         </ s:else >
     </ body >
</ html >

例1 condition.jsp

iterator

描述：
用于遍历集合（java.util.Collection）或枚举值（java.util.Iterator）。

参数：

名称	必需	默认	类型	描述
status	否	String	如果设置此参数，一个IteratorStatus的实例将会压入每个遍历的堆栈
value	否	Object/String	要遍历的可枚举的（iteratable）数据源，或者将放入新列表（List）的对象
id	否	Object/String	用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ page import = " java.util.List " %>
<% @ page import = " java.util.ArrayList " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
<%
    List list = new ArrayList();
    list.add( " Max " );
    list.add( " Scott " );
    list.add( " Jeffry " );
    list.add( " Joe " );
    list.add( " Kelvin " );
    request.setAttribute( " names " , list);
%>
< html >
     < head >
         < title > Iterator </ title >
     </ head >
     < body >
         < h3 > Names: </ h3 >
         
         < ol >
             < s:iterator value ="#request.names" status ="stuts" >
                 < s:if test ="#stuts.odd == true" >
                     < li > White < s:property /></ li >
                 </ s:if >
                 < s:else >
                     < li style ="background-color:gray" >< s:property /></ li >
                 </ s:else >
             </ s:iterator >
         </ ol >
     </ body >
</ html >

例2 iterator.jsp

i18n

描述：
加载资源包到值堆栈。它可以允许text标志访问任何资源包的信息，而不只当前action相关联的资源包。

参数：

名称必需默认类型描述
value 是 Object/String 资源包的类路径（如com.xxxx.resources.AppMsg）
id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：

HelloWorld = Hello Wrold!
例3 classes/ ApplicationMessages.properties

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
     < head >
         < title > Internationization </ title >
     </ head >
     < body >
         < h3 >
             < s:i18n name ="ApplicationMessages" >
                 < s:text name ="HelloWorld" />
             </ s:i18n >
         </ h3 >
     </ body >
</ html >
例3 i18n.jsp
include

描述：
包含一个servlet的输出（servlet或jsp的页面）。

参数：

名称必需默认类型描述
value 是 String 要包含的jsp或servlet
id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
     < head >
         < title > Iterator </ title >
     </ head >
     < body >
         < h3 > Interator Page </ h3 >
         < s:include value ="/condition.jsp" >
             < s:param name ="name" > Max </ s:param >
         </ s:include >
         < h3 > i18n </ h3 >
         < s:include value ="/i18n.jsp" />
     </ body >
</ html >
例4 include.jsp

param

描述：
为其他标签提供参数,比如include标签和bean标签. 参数的name属性是可选的,如果提供，会调用Component的方法addParameter(String, Object), 如果不提供，则外层嵌套标签必须实现UnnamedParametric接口(如TextTag)。

value的提供有两种方式,通过value属性或者标签中间的text,不同之处我们看一下例子:

< param name = "color" > blue </ param >

< param name = "color" value = "blue" /> 
(A)参数值会以String的格式放入statck.
(B)该值会以java.lang.Object的格式放入statck.

参数：

名称	必需	默认	类型	描述
name	否	String	参数名
value	否	String	value表达式
id	否	Object/String	用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：
请参考例4。

set

描述：
set标签赋予变量一个特定范围内的值。当希望给一个变量赋一个复杂的表达式,每次访问该变量而不是复杂的表达式时用到。其在两种情况下非常有用: 复杂的表达式很耗时 (性能提升) 或者很难理解 (代码可读性提高)。

参数：

名称	必需	默认	类型	描述
name	是	String	变量名字
scope	否	String	变量作用域,可以为application, session, request, page, 或action.
value	否	Object/String	将会赋给变量的值
id	否	Object/String	用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：
请参考例1。

text

描述：
支持国际化信息的标签。国际化信息必须放在一个和当前action同名的resource bundle中,如果没有找到相应message,tag body将被当作默认message,如果没有tag body,message的name会被作为默认message。

参数：

名称必需默认类型描述
name 是 String 资源属性的名字
id 否 Object/String 用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：
请参考例3。
url

描述：
该标签用于创建url,可以通过"param"标签提供request参数。

当includeParams的值时'all'或者'get', param标签中定义的参数将有优先权,也就是说其会覆盖其他同名参数的值。

参数：略

例子：

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
     < head >
         < title > URL </ title >
     </ head >
     < body >
         < h3 > URL </ h3 >
         < a href ='<s:url value ="/i18n.jsp" /> '>i18n </ a >< br />
         < s:url id ="url" value ="/condition.jsp" >
             < s:param name ="name" > Max </ s:param >
         </ s:url >
         < s:a href ="%{url}" > if/elseif/else </ s:a >
     </ body >
</ html >
例5 url.jsp

property

描述：
得到'value'的属性,如果value没提供,默认为堆栈顶端的元素。

参数：

名称	必需	默认	类型	描述
default	否	String	如果属性是null则显示的default值
escape	否	true	Booelean	是否escape HTML
value	否	栈顶	Object	要显示的值
id	否	Object/String	用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性

例子：
请参考例2。

UI标志

UI标志又可以分为表单UI和非表单UI两部分。表单UI部分基本与Struts 1.x相同，都是对HTML表单元素的包装。不过，Struts 2.0加了几个我们经常在项目中用到的控件如：datepicker、doubleselect、timepicker、optiontransferselect等。因为这些标志很多都经常用到，而且参数也很多，要在一篇文章详细说明并非易事。

需要深入了解这些标志的朋友，可以到以下查看以下网址：
http://wiki.javascud.org/display/ww2cndoc/Tags WebWork2文档中文化计划（中文）
http://cwiki.apache.org/WW/tag-reference.html Tag Developers Guide（英文）
本文有相当的内容也来自这两处。

在此，我虽然不能够详细讲述这些标志，但是可以与大家分享一个来Struts 2.0 Show Case一个例子。

* $Id: UITagExample.java 420385 2006-07-10 00:57:05Z mrdon $

* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

* You may obtain a copy of the License at

* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

* limitations under the License.

package org.apache.struts2.showcase;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlValueStack;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.io.File;

/**

public class UITagExample extends ActionSupport implements Validateable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = -94044809860988047L;

String name;

Date birthday;

String bio;

String favoriteColor;

List friends;

boolean legalAge;

String state;

String region;

File picture;

String pictureContentType;

String pictureFileName;

String favouriteLanguage;

String favouriteVehicalType = "MotorcycleKey";

String favouriteVehicalSpecific = "YamahaKey";

List leftSideCartoonCharacters;

List rightSideCartoonCharacters;

List favouriteLanguages = new ArrayList();

List vehicalTypeList = new ArrayList();

Map vehicalSpecificMap = new HashMap();

String thoughts;

public UITagExample() {

favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("EnglishKey", "English Language"));

favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("FrenchKey", "French Language"));

favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("SpanishKey", "Spanish Language"));

VehicalType car = new VehicalType("CarKey", "Car");

VehicalType motorcycle = new VehicalType("MotorcycleKey", "Motorcycle");

vehicalTypeList.add(car);

vehicalTypeList.add(motorcycle);

List cars = new ArrayList();

cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("MercedesKey", "Mercedes"));

cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("HondaKey", "Honda"));

cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("FordKey", "Ford"));

List motorcycles = new ArrayList();

motorcycles.add(new VehicalSpecific("SuzukiKey", "Suzuki"));

motorcycles.add(new VehicalSpecific("YamahaKey", "Yamaha"));

vehicalSpecificMap.put(car, cars);

vehicalSpecificMap.put(motorcycle, motorcycles);

}

public List getLeftSideCartoonCharacters() {

return leftSideCartoonCharacters;

}

public void setLeftSideCartoonCharacters(List leftSideCartoonCharacters) {

this.leftSideCartoonCharacters = leftSideCartoonCharacters;

}

public List getRightSideCartoonCharacters() {

return rightSideCartoonCharacters;

}

public void setRightSideCartoonCharacters(List rightSideCartoonCharacters) {

this.rightSideCartoonCharacters = rightSideCartoonCharacters;

}

public String getFavouriteVehicalType() {

return favouriteVehicalType;

}

public void setFavouriteVehicalType(String favouriteVehicalType) {

this.favouriteVehicalType = favouriteVehicalType;

}

public String getFavouriteVehicalSpecific() {

return favouriteVehicalSpecific;

}

public void setFavouriteVehicalSpecific(String favouriteVehicalSpecific) {

this.favouriteVehicalSpecific = favouriteVehicalSpecific;

}

public List getVehicalTypeList() {

return vehicalTypeList;

}

public List getVehicalSpecificList() {

OgnlValueStack stack = ServletActionContext.getValueStack(ServletActionContext.getRequest());

Object vehicalType = stack.findValue("top");

if (vehicalType != null && vehicalType instanceof VehicalType) {

List l = (List) vehicalSpecificMap.get(vehicalType);

return l;

}

return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;

}

public List getFavouriteLanguages() {

return favouriteLanguages;

}

public String execute() throws Exception {

return SUCCESS;

}

Getters and Setters

public String doSubmit() {

return SUCCESS;

}

// === inner class

public static class Language {

String description;

String key;

public Language(String key, String description) {

this.key = key;

this.description = description;

}

public String getKey() {

return key;

}

public String getDescription() {

return description;

}

public static class VehicalType {

String key;

String description;

public VehicalType(String key, String description) {

this.key = key;

this.description = description;

}

public String getKey() { return this.key; }

public String getDescription() { return this.description; }

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

if (! (obj instanceof VehicalType)) {

return false;

}

else {

return key.equals(((VehicalType)obj).getKey());

}

public int hashCode() {

return key.hashCode();

}

public static class VehicalSpecific {

String key;

String description;

public VehicalSpecific(String key, String description) {

this.key = key;

this.description = description;

}

public String getKey() { return this.key; }

public String getDescription() { return this.description; }

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

if (! (obj instanceof VehicalSpecific)) {

return false;

}

else {

return key.equals(((VehicalSpecific)obj).getKey());

}

public int hashCode() {

return key.hashCode();

}

例6 org.apache.struts2.showcase.UITagExample.java

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 " pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
< html >
< head >
     < title > UI Tags Example </ title >
     < s:head />
</ head >
< body >

< s:actionerror />
< s:actionmessage />
< s:fielderror />

< s:form action ="exampleSubmit" method ="post" enctype ="multipart/form-data" tooltipConfig ="#{'jsTooltipEnabled':'true'}" >
     < s:textfield
             label ="Name"
            name ="name"
            tooltip ="Enter your Name here" />

     < s:datepicker
             tooltip ="Select Your Birthday"
            label ="Birthday"
            name ="birthday" />

     < s:textarea
             tooltip ="Enter your Biography"
            label ="Biograph"
            name ="bio"
            cols ="20"
            rows ="3" />

     < s:select
             tooltip ="Choose Your Favourite Color"
            label ="Favorite Color"
            list ="{'Red', 'Blue', 'Green'}"
            name ="favoriteColor"
            emptyOption ="true"
            headerKey ="None"
            headerValue ="None" />

     < s:select
             tooltip ="Choose Your Favourite Language"
            label ="Favourite Language"
            list ="favouriteLanguages"
            name ="favouriteLanguage"
            listKey ="key"
            listValue ="description"
            emptyOption ="true"
            headerKey ="None"
            headerValue ="None" />

     < s:checkboxlist
             tooltip ="Choose your Friends"
            label ="Friends"
            list ="{'Patrick', 'Jason', 'Jay', 'Toby', 'Rene'}"
            name ="friends" />

     < s:checkbox
             tooltip ="Confirmed that your are Over 18"
            label ="Age 18+"
            name ="legalAge" />

     < s:doubleselect
             tooltip ="Choose Your State"
            label ="State"
            name ="region" list ="{'North', 'South'}"
            value ="'South'"
            doubleValue ="'Florida'"
            doubleList ="top == 'North' ? {'Oregon', 'Washington'} : {'Texas', 'Florida'}"
            doubleName ="state"
            headerKey ="-1"
            headerValue ="---------- Please Select ----------"
            emptyOption ="true" />

     < s:doubleselect
             tooltip ="Choose your Vehical"
            label ="Favourite Vehical"
            name ="favouriteVehicalType"
            list ="vehicalTypeList"
            listKey ="key"
            listValue ="description"
            value ="'MotorcycleKey'"
            doubleValue ="'YamahaKey'"
            doubleList ="vehicalSpecificList"
            doubleListKey ="key"
            doubleListValue ="description"
            doubleName ="favouriteVehicalSpecific" headerKey ="-1"
            headerValue ="---------- Please Select ----------"
            emptyOption ="true" />

     < s:file
             tooltip ="Upload Your Picture"
            label ="Picture"
            name ="picture" />

     < s:optiontransferselect
             tooltip ="Select Your Favourite Cartoon Characters"
            label ="Favourite Cartoons Characters"
            name ="leftSideCartoonCharacters"
            leftTitle ="Left Title"
            rightTitle ="Right Title"
            list ="{'Popeye', 'He-Man', 'Spiderman'}"
            multiple ="true"
            headerKey ="headerKey"
            headerValue ="--- Please Select ---"
            emptyOption ="true"
            doubleList ="{'Superman', 'Mickey Mouse', 'Donald Duck'}"
            doubleName ="rightSideCartoonCharacters"
            doubleHeaderKey ="doubleHeaderKey"
            doubleHeaderValue ="--- Please Select ---"
            doubleEmptyOption ="true"
            doubleMultiple ="true" />

     < s:textarea
             label ="Your Thougths"
            name ="thoughts"
            tooltip ="Enter your thoughts here" />

     < s:submit onclick ="alert('aaaa');" />
     < s:reset onclick ="alert('bbbb');" />
</ s:form >

</ body >
</ html >

例6 example.jsp

< action name ="example" class ="org.apache.struts2.showcase.UITagExample" >
< result > example.jsp </ result >
< result name ="input" > example.jsp </ result >
</ action >

例6 struts.xml代码片段