Python 自己动手创建string标准库中的常量

标准库string中，capwords是函数，Formatter, Template是类，其余9个是字符串常量：

>>> from string import *
>>> string.__all__
['ascii_letters', 'ascii_lowercase', 'ascii_uppercase', 'capwords', 'digits', 'hexdigits', 'octdigits', 'printable', 'punctuation', 'whitespace', 'Formatter', 'Template']
>>> ascii_letters
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> ascii_lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> ascii_uppercase
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> capwords
<function capwords at 0x022FA730>
>>> digits
'0123456789'
>>> hexdigits
'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'
>>> octdigits
'01234567'
>>> printable
'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'
>>> punctuation
'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
>>> whitespace
' \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'
>>> Formatter
<class 'string.Formatter'>
>>> Template
<class 'string.Template'>
>>> Formatter()

分别是：字母、小写字母、大写字母、数字、十六进制数字、八进制数字、可打印字符、标点、空格

用法：

>>> a='a'
>>> b='3'
>>> c='\\'
>>> a in ascii_letters
True
>>> b in ascii_letters
False
>>> c in digits
False
>>> c in punctuation
True
>>> b in digits
True
>>> '\x0b' in whitespace
True
>>> ' ' in whitespace
True
>>> '' in whitespace
True
>>> None is whitespace
False
>>> '' in digits
True
>>> '' in ascii_letters
True
>>> '' in punctuation
True
>>>  

注意：''空串都返回True ......

其实不用string库，自动动手创建这些常量也非常简单：

>>> digits=''.join([chr(i) for i in range(48,58)])
>>> digits
'0123456789'
>>> ascii_lowercase=''.join([chr(i) for i in range(97,123)])
>>> ascii_lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> ascii_uppercase=''.join([chr(i) for i in range(65,91)])
>>> ascii_uppercase
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> ascii_letters=''.join([chr(i) for i in range(65,123) if not 91<=i<97])
>>> ascii_letters
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> #or:
>>> tmp=''.join([chr(i) for i in range(122,64,-1) if not 91<=i<97])
>>> tmp[:26][::-1]+tmp[26:][::-1]
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> punctuation=''.join([chr(i) for i in range(33,127) if any([i>122, 90<i<97, 57<i<65, i<48])])
>>> punctuation
'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
>>> 

还有''.join([chr(i) for i in range(33,127)]) + 6个空白符就是printable，共100个可打印字符。