【双层loop】题型总结

Spiral Matrix

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Given a matrix of m x n elements (m rows, n columns), return all elements of the matrix in spiral order.

For example,
Given the following matrix:

[
 [ 1, 2, 3 ],
 [ 4, 5, 6 ],
 [ 7, 8, 9 ]
]

You should return [1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5].

注意m、n作为标识量（or 状态量），控制着循环状态转移

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> spiralOrder(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
        vector<int> res;
        int x=-1,y=0;/// @@巧妙设置起点
        int n=matrix.size();
        if(n==0) return res; 
        int m=matrix[0].size();
        
        while(m>0&&n>0){
            //right
            for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
                x+=1;
                res.push_back(matrix[y][x]);
            }
            n--;
            if(n==0||m==0) break;///@@error:here should have a break condition: n==0 or m==0 all will cause the loop stop
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                y+=1;
                res.push_back(matrix[y][x]);
            }
            m--;
            if(n==0||m==0) break;
            for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
                x-=1;
                res.push_back(matrix[y][x]);
            }
            n--;
            if(n==0||m==0) break;
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                y-=1;
                res.push_back(matrix[y][x]);
            }
            m--;
            if(n==0||m==0) break;
        }
        return res;
    }
};