JAVA8源码梳理之DNS解析

JAVA调用DNS解析方法：

public static InetAddress getByName(String host)
public static InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host)

getByName先调用getAllByName，然后返回地址列表的第一个地址；

getAllByName：

public static InetAddress getByName(String host)
        throws UnknownHostException {
        return InetAddress.getAllByName(host)[0];
}

private static InetAddress[] getAllByName0 (String host, InetAddress reqAddr, boolean check)
        throws UnknownHostException  {

        /* If it gets here it is presumed to be a hostname */
        /* Cache.get can return: null, unknownAddress, or InetAddress[] */

        /* make sure the connection to the host is allowed, before we
         * give out a hostname
         */
        if (check) {
            SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (security != null) {
                security.checkConnect(host, -1);
            }
        }

        InetAddress[] addresses = getCachedAddresses(host);

        /* If no entry in cache, then do the host lookup */
        if (addresses == null) {
            addresses = getAddressesFromNameService(host, reqAddr);
        }

        if (addresses == unknown_array)
            throw new UnknownHostException(host);

        return addresses.clone();
    }

首先调用getCachedAddresses，如果为空，则调用getAddressesFromNameService进行解析；

/*
     * Lookup hostname in cache (positive & negative cache). If
     * found return addresses, null if not found.
     */
    private static InetAddress[] getCachedAddresses(String hostname) {
        hostname = hostname.toLowerCase();

        // search both positive & negative caches

        synchronized (addressCache) {
            cacheInitIfNeeded();

            CacheEntry entry = addressCache.get(hostname);
            if (entry == null) {
                entry = negativeCache.get(hostname);
            }

            if (entry != null) {
                return entry.addresses;
            }
        }

        // not found
        return null;
    }

getAddressesFromNameService: 循环调用nameService的lookupAllHostAddr方法,直到找到地址：

for (NameService nameService : nameServices) {
                     try {
                        /*
                         * Do not put the call to lookup() inside the
                         * constructor.  if you do you will still be
                         * allocating space when the lookup fails.
                         */

                        addresses = nameService.lookupAllHostAddr(host);
                        success = true;
                        break;
                    } catch (UnknownHostException uhe) {
                        if (host.equalsIgnoreCase("localhost")) {
                            InetAddress[] local = new InetAddress[] { impl.loopbackAddress() };
                            addresses = local;
                            success = true;
                            break;
                        }
                        else {
                            addresses = unknown_array;
                            success = false;
                            ex = uhe;
                        }
                    }
}

namespace初始化代码：

static {
        // create the impl
        impl = InetAddressImplFactory.create();

        // get name service if provided and requested
        String provider = null;;
        String propPrefix = "sun.net.spi.nameservice.provider.";
        int n = 1;
        nameServices = new ArrayList<NameService>();
        provider = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new GetPropertyAction(propPrefix + n));
        while (provider != null) {
            NameService ns = createNSProvider(provider);
            if (ns != null)
                nameServices.add(ns);

            n++;
            provider = AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new GetPropertyAction(propPrefix + n));
        }

        // if not designate any name services provider,
        // create a default one
        if (nameServices.size() == 0) {
            NameService ns = createNSProvider("default");
            nameServices.add(ns);
        }
    }

 

在这里要特别提下Java提供的DNSNameService，该类可以通过下述参数启用：

-Dsun.net.spi.nameservice.provider.1=dns,sun
-Dsun.net.spi.nameservice.nameservers=192.168.1.188

该类会根据sun.net.spi.nameservice.nameservers指定的name server或/etc/resolv.conf文件中配置的name server进行DNS解析；

创建NameService方法代码如下：

private static NameService createNSProvider(String provider) {
        if (provider == null)
            return null;

        NameService nameService = null;
        if (provider.equals("default")) {
            // initialize the default name service
            nameService = new NameService() {
                public InetAddress[] lookupAllHostAddr(String host)
                    throws UnknownHostException {
                    return impl.lookupAllHostAddr(host);
                }
                public String getHostByAddr(byte[] addr)
                    throws UnknownHostException {
                    return impl.getHostByAddr(addr);
                }
            };
        } else {
            final String providerName = provider;
            try {
                nameService = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction<NameService>() {
                        public NameService run() {
                            Iterator<NameServiceDescriptor> itr =
                                ServiceLoader.load(NameServiceDescriptor.class)
                                    .iterator();
                            while (itr.hasNext()) {
                                NameServiceDescriptor nsd = itr.next();
                                if (providerName.
                                    equalsIgnoreCase(nsd.getType()+","
                                        +nsd.getProviderName())) {
                                    try {
                                        return nsd.createNameService();
                                    } catch (Exception e) {
                                        e.printStackTrace();
                                        System.err.println(
                                            "Cannot create name service:"
                                             +providerName+": " + e);
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            return null;
                        }
                    }
                );
            } catch (java.security.PrivilegedActionException e) {
            }
        }

        return nameService;
}

对于DNSNameServiceDescriptor,其Type和ProviderName分别为dns,sun;

nameService.lookupAllHostAddr(host): 

class InetAddressImplFactory {

    static InetAddressImpl create() {
        return InetAddress.loadImpl(isIPv6Supported() ?
                                    "Inet6AddressImpl" : "Inet4AddressImpl");
    }

    static native boolean isIPv6Supported();
}

以Inet4AddressImpl为例，说明DNS的解析:

public native InetAddress[] lookupAllHostAddr(String var1) throws UnknownHostException;

Inet4AddressImp类的方法是native的，是采用本地方法实现的:

JNIEXPORT jobjectArray JNICALL
Java_java_net_Inet4AddressImpl_lookupAllHostAddr(JNIEnv *env, jobject this,
                                                jstring host) {
    const char *hostname;
    jobjectArray ret = 0;
    int retLen = 0;
    int error = 0;
    struct addrinfo hints, *res, *resNew = NULL;

    if (!initializeInetClasses(env))
        return NULL;

    if (IS_NULL(host)) {
        JNU_ThrowNullPointerException(env, "host is null");
        return 0;
    }
    hostname = JNU_GetStringPlatformChars(env, host, JNI_FALSE);
    CHECK_NULL_RETURN(hostname, NULL);

    /* Try once, with our static buffer. */
    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
    hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
    hints.ai_family = AF_INET;


    error = getaddrinfo(hostname, NULL, &hints, &res);

    if (error) {
        /* report error */
        ThrowUnknownHostExceptionWithGaiError(env, hostname, error);
        JNU_ReleaseStringPlatformChars(env, host, hostname);
        return NULL;
    } else {
        int i = 0;
        struct addrinfo *itr, *last = NULL, *iterator = res;

        while (iterator != NULL) {
            // remove the duplicate one
            int skip = 0;
            itr = resNew;
            while (itr != NULL) {
                struct sockaddr_in *addr1, *addr2;
                addr1 = (struct sockaddr_in *)iterator->ai_addr;
                addr2 = (struct sockaddr_in *)itr->ai_addr;
                if (addr1->sin_addr.s_addr ==
                    addr2->sin_addr.s_addr) {
                    skip = 1;
                    break;
                }
                itr = itr->ai_next;
            }

            if (!skip) {
                struct addrinfo *next
                    = (struct addrinfo*) malloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
                if (!next) {
                    JNU_ThrowOutOfMemoryError(env, "Native heap allocation failed");
                    ret = NULL;
                    goto cleanupAndReturn;
                }
                memcpy(next, iterator, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
                next->ai_next = NULL;
                if (resNew == NULL) {
                    resNew = next;
                } else {
                    last->ai_next = next;
                }
                last = next;
                i++;
            }
            iterator = iterator->ai_next;
        }

        retLen = i;
        iterator = resNew;

        ret = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, retLen, ni_iacls, NULL);

        if (IS_NULL(ret)) {
            /* we may have memory to free at the end of this */
            goto cleanupAndReturn;
        }

        i = 0;
        while (iterator != NULL) {
            jobject iaObj = (*env)->NewObject(env, ni_ia4cls, ni_ia4ctrID);
            if (IS_NULL(iaObj)) {
                ret = NULL;
                goto cleanupAndReturn;
            }
            setInetAddress_addr(env, iaObj, ntohl(((struct sockaddr_in*)iterator->ai_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr));
            setInetAddress_hostName(env, iaObj, host);
            (*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, ret, i++, iaObj);
            iterator = iterator->ai_next;
        }
    }

 }

 

getaddrinfo函数方法：

int getaddrinfo (const char *__restrict name, const char *__restrict service,
         const struct addrinfo *__restrict hints,
         struct addrinfo **__restrict pai)
{
  int i = 0, j = 0, last_i = 0;
  int nresults = 0;
  struct addrinfo *p = NULL, **end;
  struct gaih *g = gaih, *pg = NULL;
  struct gaih_service gaih_service, *pservice;
  struct addrinfo local_hints;
  
  
  while (g->gaih)
    {
      if (hints->ai_family == g->family || hints->ai_family == AF_UNSPEC)
    {
      j++;
      if (pg == NULL || pg->gaih != g->gaih)
        {
          pg = g;
          i = g->gaih (name, pservice, hints, end);
          if (i != 0)
        {
          /* EAI_NODATA is a more specific result as it says that
             we found a result but it is not usable.  */
          if (last_i != (GAIH_OKIFUNSPEC | -EAI_NODATA))
            last_i = i;
          if (hints->ai_family == AF_UNSPEC && (i & GAIH_OKIFUNSPEC))
            {
              ++g;
              continue;
            }
          freeaddrinfo (p);
          return -(i & GAIH_EAI);
        }
          if (end)
        while (*end)
          {
            end = &((*end)->ai_next);
            ++nresults;
          }
        }
    }
      ++g;
    }
  if (j == 0)
    return EAI_FAMILY;
  if (nresults > 1)
    {
      /* Sort results according to RFC 3484.  */
      struct sort_result results[nresults];
      struct addrinfo *q;
      struct addrinfo *last = NULL;
      char *canonname = NULL;
      for (i = 0, q = p; q != NULL; ++i, last = q, q = q->ai_next)
    {
      results[i].dest_addr = q;
      results[i].got_source_addr = false;
      /* If we just looked up the address for a different
         protocol, reuse the result.  */
      if (last != NULL && last->ai_addrlen == q->ai_addrlen
          && memcmp (last->ai_addr, q->ai_addr, q->ai_addrlen) == 0)
        {
          memcpy (&results[i].source_addr, &results[i - 1].source_addr,
              results[i - 1].source_addr_len);
          results[i].source_addr_len = results[i - 1].source_addr_len;
          results[i].got_source_addr = results[i - 1].got_source_addr;
        }
      else
        {
          /* We overwrite the type with SOCK_DGRAM since we do not
         want connect() to connect to the other side.  If we
         cannot determine the source address remember this
         fact.  */
          int fd = socket (q->ai_family, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);
          socklen_t sl = sizeof (results[i].source_addr);
          if (fd != -1
          && connect (fd, q->ai_addr, q->ai_addrlen) == 0
          && getsockname (fd,
                    (struct sockaddr *) &results[i].source_addr,
                    &sl) == 0)
        {
          results[i].source_addr_len = sl;
          results[i].got_source_addr = true;
        }
          else
        /* Just make sure that if we have to process the same
           address again we do not copy any memory.  */
        results[i].source_addr_len = 0;
          if (fd != -1)
        close_not_cancel_no_status (fd);
        }
      /* Remember the canonical name.  */
      if (q->ai_canonname != NULL)
        {
          assert (canonname == NULL);
          canonname = q->ai_canonname;
          q->ai_canonname = NULL;
        }
    }
      /* We got all the source addresses we can get, now sort using
     the information.  */
      qsort (results, nresults, sizeof (results[0]), rfc3484_sort);
      /* Queue the results up as they come out of sorting.  */
      q = p = results[0].dest_addr;
      for (i = 1; i < nresults; ++i)
    q = q->ai_next = results[i].dest_addr;
      q->ai_next = NULL;
      /* Fill in the canonical name into the new first entry.  */
      p->ai_canonname = canonname;
    }
  if (p)
    {
      *pai = p;
      return 0;
    }
  if (pai == NULL && last_i == 0)
    return 0;
  return last_i ? -(last_i & GAIH_EAI) : EAI_NONAME;
}