再写 Hello world!

参考文章

 

本文目的是写出在Linux x86_64下的Hello world程序，要求：不使用libc库，支持传入命令行参数、返回结果，并且极可能小。

实现方案使用了简化的 _start 入口函数启动main函数，使用 write系统调用实现输出字符串功能。

 

//lib.h
#ifndef LIB_H
#define LIB_H
void print(const char *);
#endif

//hello.c
#include "lib.h"

int main(int argc,char * argv[])
{
    char *str = "Hello World!\n";
    int i;
    if(argc > 1) {
        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
            print(argv[i]);
            print(" ");
        }
        print("\n");
    } else {
        print(str);
    }
    return 1;
}

print.c 文件

 

//print.c
#include "lib.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <syscall.h>

extern long syscall3(long arg1, long arg2, long arg3, long number);
// __NR_write is 1 in x86_64 linux.
#define write(arg1, arg2, arg3) syscall3((long)arg1, (long)arg2, (long)arg3, (long) __NR_write)

long _strlen(const char *buf)
{
        long len = 0;
        while(*buf++) len++;
        return len;
}

void print(const char *str)
{
    //STDOUT_FILENO is 1
	(void) write(STDOUT_FILENO, str, _strlen(str));
}

sys_call.S

.global syscall3

# long syscall3(long arg1, long arg2, long arg3, long number);
# system call with 3 arguments. 
#  edi: first argument
#  rsi: second argument
#  rdx: third argument
#  rcx: forth argument, the system call number. x86_64 

syscall3:
    movq %rcx, %rax # rax register's used to indicate the system call number, and it's used to return the system call result.
    syscall
    ret

stubstart.S 

 

.globl _start

_start:
    movq (%rsp), %rdi #argc
    leaq 8(%rsp), %rsi #argv
    call main
    movq %rax, %rdi #main return value
    movq $60, %rax #call sys_exit
    syscall

 

#Makefile

hello: hello.c print.c stubstart.S sys_call.S
	gcc -o hello -static -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -Wall hello.c print.c stubstart.S sys_call.S
	strip hello
clean:
	rm hello

运行结果：

[root@localhost minihello]# ./hello my own HELLO WORLD!
my own HELLO WORLD! 
[root@localhost minihello]# ./hello
Hello World!