linux挂载磁盘及磁盘格式化
挂载好硬盘后，查看linux新磁盘的名称。
root帐号登录机器，然后使用命令fdisk -l查看。
host-1*:/home # fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000de3e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 2048 4208639 2103296 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/xvda2 * 4208640 83886079 39838720 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvde: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 133674 cylinders, total 2147483648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/xvde doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000de3e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 4208639 2103296 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2 * 4208640 83886079 39838720 83 Linux可以看到磁盘 /dev/xvde 未挂载。
接下来使用fdisk /dev/xvde 进行分区
Command (m for help): 输入m可以看到各种命令字的意思
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):这里我们新建一个分区输入n
Command action 选择主分区输入P
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 分区名称输入默认的1即可
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1然后是选择其实磁盘数，输入默认值就好：
First sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048): 2048
再然后输入分区大小，可根据自己选择输入，我这里输入+800GB，标识是到存储800G的磁盘数， 因为是数据库机器分一个800G的。这个单位可以是K、M、G后面接上B就好了。注意不要掉了+号
First sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2147483647, default 2147483647): +800GB
Command (m for help):由于还未分完，说便宜接下来继续添加一个分区，存储空间使用剩下的那部分；
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2
First sector (1562502048-2147483647, default 1562502048): 1562502048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1562502048-2147483647, default 2147483647): 2147483647
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4, default 3): 3
No free sectors available
Command (m for help): 然后在输入w写入磁盘即标识分区完成：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.再使用fdisk -l命令可以看到这个从磁盘已经被分成了两个区。
host-1*:/home # fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000de3e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 2048 4208639 2103296 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/xvda2 * 4208640 83886079 39838720 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvde: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 133674 cylinders, total 2147483648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xae5c9a90
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvde1 2048 1562502047 781250000 83 Linux
/dev/xvde2 1562502048 2147483647 292490800 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000de3e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 2048 4208639 2103296 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2 * 4208640 83886079 39838720 83 Linux接下来我们来格式化刚才的分区:（格式化可能比较慢）
mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/xvde1 来格式化分区xvde1为ext3格式
mkfs -t ext3 -c /dev/xvde2 来格式化分区xvde1为ext3格式
格式化完成后即可挂载分区
并将挂载信息写入到自动挂载配置文件
# mkdir /opt
# mount /dev/xvde1 /opt
# mount /dev/xvde2 /home
# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-QEMU_HARDDISK_QM00001-part2 / ext3 acl,user_xattr 1 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
/dev/xvde2 /home auto auto 0 0
/dev/xvde1 /opt auto auto 0 0最后两行即为添加的自动分区挂载信息，保存即可。
挂载完后使用命令df -l即可查看磁盘使用情况。
host-1*:/opt> df -l
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 39213504 13807128 24370572 37% /
udev 4020072 140 4019932 1% /dev
tmpfs 4020072 728 4019344 1% /dev/shm
/dev/xvde2 292490800 1979336 290511464 1% /home
/dev/xvde1 781250000 2006336 779243664 1% /opt
host-1*:~/opt> 自此，即完成磁盘的分区级挂载操作。
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