线段树的查询

对于一个有n个数的整数数组，在对应的线段树中, 根节点所代表的区间为0-n-1, 每个节点有一个额外的属性max，值为该节点所代表的数组区间start到end内的最大值。

为SegmentTree设计一个 query 的方法，接受3个参数root, start和end，线段树root所代表的数组中子区间[start, end]内的最大值。

样例

对于数组 [1, 4, 2, 3], 对应的线段树为：

                  [0, 3, max=4]
                 /             \
          [0,1,max=4]        [2,3,max=3]
          /         \        /         \
   [0,0,max=1] [1,1,max=4] [2,2,max=2], [3,3,max=3]

query(root, 1, 1), return 4

query(root, 1, 2), return 4

query(root, 2, 3), return 3

query(root, 0, 2), return 4

/**
 * Definition of SegmentTreeNode:
 * class SegmentTreeNode {
 * public:
 *     int start, end, max;
 *     SegmentTreeNode *left, *right;
 *     SegmentTreeNode(int start, int end, int max) {
 *         this->start = start;
 *         this->end = end;
 *         this->max = max;
 *         this->left = this->right = NULL;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
public:
    /**
     *@param root, start, end: The root of segment tree and 
     *                         an segment / interval
     *@return: The maximum number in the interval [start, end]
     */
    int query(SegmentTreeNode *root, int start, int end) {
        // write your code here
        if (start == root->start && end == root->end)
        {
            return root->max;
        }
        else if (start >= root->left->start && start <= root->left->end)
        {
            if  (end <= root->left->end)
            {
                return query(root->left, start, end);
            }
            else
            {
                return max(query(root->left, start, root->left->end), 
                           query(root->right, root->right->start, end));
            }
        }
        else
        {
            return query(root->right, start, end);
        }
    }
};