一.简单工厂
1.定义:由一个工厂对象决定创建出哪一种产品类的实例
2.类型:创建型,但不属于GOF23种设计模式
3.适用场景:
(1).工厂类负责创建的对象比较少
(2).客户端(应用层)只知道传入工厂类的参数 ,对于如何创建对象(逻辑)不关心
4.优点:
只需要传入一个正确的参数,就可以获取你所需要的对象而无须知道其创建细节
5.缺点:
工厂类的职责相对过重,增加新的产品需要修改工厂类的判断逻辑,违背开闭原则
6.代码:
Video.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public abstract class Video {
public abstract void produce();
}
JavaVideo.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class JavaVideo extends Video {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Java课程视频");
}
}
PythonVideo.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class PythonVideo extends Video {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Python课程视频");
}
}
VideoFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class VideoFactory {
public Video getVideo(String type){
if ("java".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
return new JavaVideo();
} else if ("python".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
return new PythonVideo();
}
return null;
}
}
Test.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
VideoFactory videoFactory = new VideoFactory();
Video video = videoFactory.getVideo("java");
if (video == null) {
return;
}
video.produce();
}
}
7.通过反射改进简单工厂扩展性,只需要修改VideoFactory.java和Test.java,
代码如下
VideoFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class VideoFactory {
public Video getVideo(Class c){
Video video = null;
try {
video = (Video) Class.forName(c.getName()).newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return video;
}
}
Test.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
VideoFactory videoFactory = new VideoFactory();
Video video = videoFactory.getVideo(JavaVideo.class);
if (video == null) {
return;
}
video.produce();
}
}
二.工厂方法
1.定义:定义一个创建对象的接口,但让实现这个接口的类来决定实例化哪个类,工厂方法让类的实例化推迟到子类中进行
2.创建型
3.适用场景:
(1)创建对象需要大量重复的代码
(2)客户端(应用层)不依赖于产品类实例如何被创建、实现等细节
(3)一个类通过其子类来指定创建哪个对象
4.优点:
(1)用户只需要关系所需产品对应的工厂,无须关心创建细节
(2)加入新的产品符合开闭原则,提高可扩展性
5.缺点:
(1)类的个数容易过多,增加复杂度
(2)增加了系统的抽象性和理解难度
6.UML类图
7.代码
Video.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public abstract class Video {
public abstract void produce();
}
JavaVideo.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class JavaVideo extends Video {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Java课程视频");
}
}
PythonVideo.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.simplefactory;
public class PythonVideo extends Video {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Python课程视频");
}
}
JavaVideoFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.factorymethod;
public class JavaVideoFactory extends VideoFactory {
public Video getVideo() {
return new JavaVideo();
}
}
PythonVideoFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.factorymethod;
public class PythonVideoFactory extends VideoFactory {
public Video getVideo() {
return new PythonVideo();
}
}
VideoFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.factorymethod;
public abstract class VideoFactory {
public abstract Video getVideo();
}
Test.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.factorymethod;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
VideoFactory videoFactory = new JavaVideoFactory();
Video video = videoFactory.getVideo();
video.produce();
VideoFactory videoFactory1 = new PythonVideoFactory();
Video video1 = videoFactory1.getVideo();
video1.produce();
}
}
通过接口规定每个具体工厂需要实现的方法,不需要考虑具体产品如何生成,将生成具体产品的细节放到具体工厂中取实现。当工厂生成产品需要更多的配置信息,将所有产品所需的配置信息都放在简单工厂中太过杂乱,也不便于代码维护。将生成某个产品的信息抽取出来,单独放到一个类中,每个具体工厂对应某个具体产品,使得具体工厂的职能更加单一,代码简洁。使信息局部化,降低了类的复杂性,变更引起的风险降低。(代码里没有具体体现出生产产品的复杂性,真实情况生成产品比这复杂)
三.抽象工厂
1.定义:抽象工厂模式提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口(无须指定他们具体的类)
2.类型:创建型
3.适用场景:
(1)客户端(应用层)不依赖产品类实例如何被创建、实现等细节
(2)强调一系列相关的产品对象(属于同一产品族)一起使用创建对象需要大量重复的代码
(3)提供一个产品类的库,所有的产品以同样的接口出现,从而使客户端不依赖具体实现
4.优点:
(1)具体产品再应用层代码隔离,无须关心创建细节
(2)将一个系列的产品族统一到一起创建
5.缺点:
(1)规定了所有可能被创建的产品集合,产品族中扩展新的产品困难,需要修改抽象工厂的接口
(2)增加了系统的抽象性和理解难度
6.UML类图
7.代码
Article.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public abstract class Article {
public abstract void produce();
}
Video.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public abstract class Video {
public abstract void produce();
}
JavaArticle.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class JavaArticle extends Article {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("编写Java课程手记");
}
}
JavaVideo.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class JavaVideo extends Video {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Java课程视频");
}
}
JavaCourseFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class JavaCourseFactory implements CourseFactory {
public Video getVideo() {
return new JavaVideo();
}
public Article getArticle() {
return new JavaArticle();
}
}
CourseFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public interface CourseFactory {
Video getVideo();
Article getArticle();
}
PythonArticle.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class PythonArticle extends Article {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("编写Python课程手记");
}
}
PythonVideo.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class PythonVideo extends Video {
public void produce() {
System.out.println("录制Python课程视频");
}
}
PythonCourseFactory.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class PythonCourseFactory implements CourseFactory {
public Video getVideo() {
return new PythonVideo();
}
public Article getArticle() {
return new PythonArticle();
}
}
Test.java
package com.caomingyu.autotest.abstractfactory;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CourseFactory courseFactory = new JavaCourseFactory();
Video video = courseFactory.getVideo();
Article article = courseFactory.getArticle();
video.produce();
article.produce();
}
}
四、简单工厂、工厂方法、抽象工厂区别:
抽象工厂适用于产品轴(比如美的空调,美的冰箱)
工厂方法适用于产品等级结构(比如美的空调,海尔空调)