设计模式（十一）桥接模式

一.定义与类型

1.定义：将抽象部分与它的具体实现部分分离，使它们都可以独立地变化

通过组合的方式建立两个类之间联系，而不是继承

2.类型：结构型

二.适用场景

1.抽象和具体实现之间增加更多的灵活性

2.一个类存在两个(或多个)独立变化的维度，且这两个(或多个)维度都需要独立进行扩展

3.不希望使用继承，或因为多层继承导致系统类的个数剧增

三.优点

1.分离抽象部分及其具体实现部分

2.提高了系统的可扩展性

3.符合开闭原则

4.符合合成复用原则

四.缺点

1.增加了系统的理解与设计难度

2.需要正确地识别出系统中两个独立变化的维度

五.UML

六.代码

Account.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public interface Account {
    Account openAccount();
    void showAccountType();
}

DepositAccount.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public class DepositAccount implements Account {
    public Account openAccount() {
        System.out.println("打开定期账号");
        return new DepositAccount();
    }

    public void showAccountType() {
        System.out.println("这是一个定期账号");
    }
}

SavingAccount.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public class SavingAccount implements Account {
    public Account openAccount() {
        System.out.println("打开活期账号");
        return new SavingAccount();
    }

    public void showAccountType() {
        System.out.println("这是一个活期账号");
    }
}

Bank.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public abstract class Bank {
    protected Account account;

    public Bank(Account account) {
        this.account = account;
    }

    abstract Account openAccount();
}

ABCBank.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public class ABCBank extends Bank {
    public ABCBank(Account account) {
        super(account);
    }

    Account openAccount() {
        System.out.println("打开中国农业银行账号");
        account.openAccount();
        return account;
    }
}

ICBCBank.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public class ICBCBank extends Bank {
    public ICBCBank(Account account) {
        super(account);
    }

    Account openAccount() {
        System.out.println("打开中国工商银行账号");
        account.openAccount();
        return account;
    }
}

Test.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.bridge;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Bank icbcBank = new ICBCBank(new DepositAccount());
        Account icbcAccount = icbcBank.openAccount();
        icbcAccount.showAccountType();

        Bank icbcBank2 = new ICBCBank(new SavingAccount());
        Account icbcAccount2 = icbcBank2.openAccount();
        icbcAccount2.showAccountType();

        Bank abcBank = new ICBCBank(new SavingAccount());
        Account abcAccount = abcBank.openAccount();
        abcAccount.showAccountType();
    }
}