设计模式（十七）观察者模式

一.定义与类型

1.定义：定义了对象之间的一对多以来，让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象，当主题对象发生变化时，它的所有依赖(观察者)都会收到通知并更新

二.适用场景

1.关联行为场景，建立一套触发机制

三.优点

1.观察者和被观察者之间建立一个抽象的耦合

2.观察者模式支持广播通信

四.缺点

1.观察者之间有过多的细节依赖、提高时间消耗及程序复杂度

2.使用得当，要避免循环调用

五.UML类图

六.代码

Course.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.observer;

import java.util.Observable;

public class Course extends Observable {
    private String courseName;

    public Course(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }

    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }

    public void produceQuestion(Course course, Question question){
        System.out.println(question.getUserName() + "在" + course.courseName + "提交了一个问题" );
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers(question);
    }
}

Question.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.observer;

public class Question {
    private String userName;
    private String questionContent;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getQuestionContent() {
        return questionContent;
    }

    public void setQuestionContent(String questionContent) {
        this.questionContent = questionContent;
    }
}

Teacher.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.observer;

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class Teacher implements Observer {
    private String teacherName;

    public Teacher(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        Course course = (Course) o;
        Question question = (Question) arg;
        System.out.println(teacherName + "老师的" + course.getCourseName() + "课程接收到一个" + question.getUserName() + "提交的问题" + question.getQuestionContent());
    }
}

Test.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.observer;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Course course = new Course("Java设计模式精讲");
        Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Alpha");
        course.addObserver(teacher);
        //业务逻辑代码
        Question question = new Question();
        question.setUserName("cmy");
        question.setQuestionContent("Java的主函数如何编写");
        course.produceQuestion(course,question);
    }
}