设计模式（十九）命令模式

一.定义与类型

1.定义：将“请求”封装成对象，以便使用不同的请求

命令模式解决了应用程序中对象的职责以及它们之间的通信方式

2.类型：行为型

二.适用场景

1.请求调用者和请求接收者需要解耦，使得调用者和接收者不直接交互

2.需要抽象出等待执行的行为

三.优点

1.降低耦合

2.容易扩展新命令或者一组命令

四.缺点

1.命令的无限扩展会增加类的数量，提高系统实现复杂度

五.UML类图

六.代码

Command.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.command;

public interface Command {
    void excute();
}

CourseVideo.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.command;

public class CourseVideo {
    private String name;

    public CourseVideo(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void open(){
        System.out.println(this.name + "课程视频开放");
    }

    public void close(){
        System.out.println(this.name + "课程视频关闭");
    }
}

CloseCourseVideoCommand.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.command;

public class CloseCourseVideoCommand implements Command {

    private CourseVideo courseVideo;

    public CloseCourseVideoCommand(CourseVideo courseVideo) {
        this.courseVideo = courseVideo;
    }

    public void excute() {
        courseVideo.close();
    }
}

OpenCourseVideoCommand.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.command;

public class OpenCourseVideoCommand implements Command {

    private CourseVideo courseVideo;

    public OpenCourseVideoCommand(CourseVideo courseVideo) {
        this.courseVideo = courseVideo;
    }

    public void excute() {
        courseVideo.open();
    }
}

Staff.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.command;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Staff {
    private List<Command> commandList = new ArrayList<Command>();
    public void addCommand(Command command){
        commandList.add(command);
    }
    public void executeCommands(){
        for (Command command: commandList){
            command.excute();
        }
        commandList.clear();
    }
}

Test.java

package com.caomingyu.autotest.command;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CourseVideo courseVideo = new CourseVideo("Java设计模式精讲");
        OpenCourseVideoCommand openCourseVideoCommand = new OpenCourseVideoCommand(courseVideo);
        CloseCourseVideoCommand closeCourseVideoCommand = new CloseCourseVideoCommand(courseVideo);
        Staff staff = new Staff();
        staff.addCommand(openCourseVideoCommand);
        staff.addCommand(closeCourseVideoCommand);
        staff.executeCommands();
    }
}