1、服务端接口程序
第一步,我们创建一个名为User的JavaBean作为用户对象类,用来保存演示数据。
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String email;
private String gender;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
第二步,我们创建一个名为JSONDemoServlet的Servlet类来作为服务端的接口程序。在这个程序里,定义了一个List对象用来保存用户列表。
private List list;
//客户端程序访问服务器端接口时,接口通过prepareData方法为用户列表初始化数据,添加用户数据到List对象中。
private void prepareData(){
list = new ArrayList();
User bean1 = new User();
bean1.setId(1001);
bean1.setName("Tony");
bean1.setEmail("tony@toeach.net");
bean1.setGender("male");
list.add(bean1);
……
}
第三步.遍历用户列表,把列表中的每个Java用户对象转换为JSONObject对象,再加入到JSONArray中去。
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
for(User bean:list){
//单个用户JSON对象
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
try{
obj.put("id", bean.getId());
obj.put("name", bean.getName());
obj.put("email", bean.getEmail());
obj.put("gender", bean.getGender());
} catch (Exception e) {}
array.put(obj);
}
第四步,通过 Servlet输出 JSON 时,需要设置正确的 MIME 类型和字符编码。假定服务器使用 UTF-8 编码,则可以使用以下代码输出编码后的 JSON 文本:
response.setContentType( "text/plain" );
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8" );
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.write(array.toString());
out.flush();
out.close();
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
public class JSONDemoServlet extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7368225680407826408L;
private List list;
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/plain");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//准备用户数据
prepareData();
//JSON数组
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
for(User bean:list){
//单个用户JSON对象
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
try{
obj.put("id", bean.getId());
obj.put("name", bean.getName());
obj.put("email", bean.getEmail());
obj.put("gender", bean.getGender());
} catch (Exception e) {}
array.put(obj);
}
//输出
out.write(array.toString());
out.flush();
out.close();
}
private void prepareData(){
list = new ArrayList();
User bean1 = new User();
bean1.setId(1001);
bean1.setName("Tony");
bean1.setEmail("tony@toeach.net");
bean1.setGender("male");
list.add(bean1);
User bean2 = new User();
bean2.setId(1002);
bean2.setName("Jack");
bean2.setEmail("jack@hotmail.com");
bean2.setGender("male");
list.add(bean2);
User bean3 = new User();
bean3.setId(1003);
bean3.setName("Marry");
bean3.setEmail("marry@163.com");
bean3.setGender("female");
list.add(bean3);
User bean4 = new User();
bean4.setId(1004);
bean4.setName("Linda");
bean4.setEmail("linda@21cn.com");
bean4.setGender("female");
list.add(bean4);
}
}
第五步. 把该Servlet部署到Tomcat下,在浏览器输入接口地址http://localhost:8080/article/JSONDemoServlet ,输出结果如下:
[{"id":1001,"email":"tony@toeach.net","name":"Tony","gender":"male"},{"id":1002,"email":"jack@hotmail.com","name":"Jack","gender":"male"},{"id":1003,"email":"marry@163.com","name":"Marry","gender":"female"},{"id":1004,"email":"linda@21cn.com","name":"Linda","gender":"female "}]
2、手机客户端程序
第一步:准备好服务端的接口后,接下来就是准备写客户端的程序了。打开Eclipse新建一个OPhone项目。我们创建一个名为MainActivity的Activity类,
第二步:因为要访问外部网络,所以要在AndroidManifest.xml文件里增加一行安全许可:
第三步:修改布局文件res\layout\main.xml,增加一个TextView对象,用来显示解析后的用户数据。
http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
第四步:SDK提供了Apache的HttpClient类处理网络访问,相信很多读者朋友都在其他项目当中用到过HttpClient。我写了一个方法,获取某一网址的网页内容,代码如下:
private String getContent(String url) throws Exception{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpParams httpParams = client.getParams();
//设置网络超时参数
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 3000);
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 5000);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(url));
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent(), "UTF-8"), 8192);
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null){
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
reader.close();
}
return sb.toString();
}
第五步:修改MainActivity.java,在onCreate方法里增加解析服务端接口内容的代码,如下所示:
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
第六步.在测试过程中,经常是用本机做测试服务器,访问本机的IP地址要设置为10.0.2.2
}