RSA非对称加密的坑

           非对称加密常常用在登录的时候， 使用公钥对密码加密， 后台使用私钥解密。 所有客户端（iOS、Android、IE）使用同一个公钥加密， 密文只能使用后台的私钥解密。 所以RSA是很安全的一种加密方式。

       RSA算法提供了生成公钥和私钥的方法， 注意是成对生成的！ 一般将公钥保存在客户端、私钥保存在服务端。 黑客反编译可能拿到公钥， 但是因为私钥存储在服务器， 所以不用太担心泄密。 RSA加密算法有个特点：  每次用明文和公钥得到的加密串是不同的， 但是使用私钥都能解析出同一个明文。 这点很厉害！ 想想AES、MD5等等加密方式， 使用明文得到的加密串是相同的。

           注意： Android端使用“RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding”初始化Cipher对象， Java后台使用“RSA”参数初始化Cipher对象。

private static String RSA_ANDROID = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
private static String RSA_JAVA = "RSA";

Android端使用公钥加密时：

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ANDROID);

Java后台使用私钥解密时：

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_JAVA);

附RSA的Java后台代码实现：

<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.example;

/**
 * Created by brycegao on 2016/9/19.
 */
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

import com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dv.util.Base64;

public class RSAUtils {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //生成公私钥
        //generateKeyStr();

        //明文
        String ming = "31231";
        for (int i = 0; i < 155; i++) {
            ming = ming + "fdsafdsafdsfdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsaffdsafdsafdsafaf" + i;
        }
        //加密后的密文
        String mi = encrypt(ming);
        System.err.println(mi);
        //解密后的明文
        //RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(mi.getBytes());

        ming = decrypt(mi);
        System.err.println(ming);
    }

    public static void generateKeyStr() throws Exception{
        HashMap<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.getKeys();
        //生成公钥和私钥
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) map.get("public");
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) map.get("private");
        String publicKeyStr = getKeyString(publicKey);
        String privateKeyStr = getKeyString(privateKey);
        //System.out.println("publicKey:------------");
        //System.out.println(publicKeyStr);
        //System.out.println("privateKey:-----------");
        //System.out.println(privateKeyStr);
    }


    /**
     * 生成公钥和私钥
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     *
     */
    public static HashMap<String, Object> getKeys() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException{
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024);
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
        map.put("public", publicKey);
        map.put("private", privateKey);
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 得到公钥
     *
     * @param key
     *            密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String key) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        return (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
    }
    /**
     * 得到公钥
     *
     * @param key
     *            密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String key) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes;
        keyBytes = (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);
        //X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        return (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
    }
    /**
     * 使用模和指数生成RSA公钥
     * 注意：【此代码用了默认补位方式，为RSA/None/PKCS1Padding，不同JDK默认的补位方式可能不同，如Android默认是RSA
     * /None/NoPadding】
     *
     * @param modulus
     *            模
     * @param exponent
     *            指数
     * @return
     */
    public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String modulus, String exponent) {
        try {
            BigInteger b1 = new BigInteger(modulus);
            BigInteger b2 = new BigInteger(exponent);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            RSAPublicKeySpec keySpec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(b1, b2);

            return (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
    /**
     * 得到密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static String getKeyString(Key key) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = key.getEncoded();
        String s = (new BASE64Encoder()).encode(keyBytes);
        return s;
    }
    /**
     * 使用模和指数生成RSA私钥
     * 注意：【此代码用了默认补位方式，为RSA/None/PKCS1Padding，不同JDK默认的补位方式可能不同，如Android默认是RSA
     * /None/NoPadding】
     *
     * @param modulus
     *            模
     * @param exponent
     *            指数
     * @return
     */
    public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String modulus, String exponent) {
        try {
            BigInteger b1 = new BigInteger(modulus);
            BigInteger b2 = new BigInteger(exponent);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            RSAPrivateKeySpec keySpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(b1, b2);
            return (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encryptByPublicKey(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey)
            throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] by = data.getBytes();
        byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(by);
        return Base64.encode(cipherText);
    }


    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey2(byte[] data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        //RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

        byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(data);
        return cipherText;
    }

    public static String decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        //RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

        byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(data);
        String ming =new String(cipherText);
        return ming;
    }

    /**
     * 私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decryptByPrivateKey(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey)
            throws Exception {
        //RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        byte[] by = Base64.decode(data);
        byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(by);
        String ming =new String(cipherText);
        return ming;
    }
    /**
     * ASCII码转BCD码
     *
     */
    public static byte[] ASCII_To_BCD(byte[] ascii, int asc_len) {
        byte[] bcd = new byte[asc_len / 2];
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < (asc_len + 1) / 2; i++) {
            bcd[i] = asc_to_bcd(ascii[j++]);
            bcd[i] = (byte) (((j >= asc_len) ? 0x00 : asc_to_bcd(ascii[j++])) + (bcd[i] << 4));
        }
        return bcd;
    }
    public static byte asc_to_bcd(byte asc) {
        byte bcd;

        if ((asc >= '0') && (asc <= '9'))
            bcd = (byte) (asc - '0');
        else if ((asc >= 'A') && (asc <= 'F'))
            bcd = (byte) (asc - 'A' + 10);
        else if ((asc >= 'a') && (asc <= 'f'))
            bcd = (byte) (asc - 'a' + 10);
        else
            bcd = (byte) (asc - 48);
        return bcd;
    }
    /**
     * BCD转字符串
     */
    public static String bcd2Str(byte[] bytes) {
        char temp[] = new char[bytes.length * 2], val;

        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            val = (char) (((bytes[i] & 0xf0) >> 4) & 0x0f);
            temp[i * 2] = (char) (val > 9 ? val + 'A' - 10 : val + '0');

            val = (char) (bytes[i] & 0x0f);
            temp[i * 2 + 1] = (char) (val > 9 ? val + 'A' - 10 : val + '0');
        }
        return new String(temp);
    }
    /**
     * 拆分字符串
     */
    public static String[] splitString(String string, int len) {
        int x = string.length() / len;
        int y = string.length() % len;
        int z = 0;
        if (y != 0) {
            z = 1;
        }
        String[] strings = new String[x + z];
        String str = "";
        for (int i=0; i<x+z; i++) {
            if (i==x+z-1 && y!=0) {
                str = string.substring(i*len, i*len+y);
            }else{
                str = string.substring(i*len, i*len+len);
            }
            strings[i] = str;
        }
        return strings;
    }
    /**
     *拆分数组
     */
    public static byte[][] splitArray(byte[] data,int len){
        int x = data.length / len;
        int y = data.length % len;
        int z = 0;
        if(y!=0){
            z = 1;
        }
        byte[][] arrays = new byte[x+z][];
        byte[] arr;
        for(int i=0; i<x+z; i++){
            arr = new byte[len];
            if(i==x+z-1 && y!=0){
                System.arraycopy(data, i*len, arr, 0, y);
            }else{
                System.arraycopy(data, i*len, arr, 0, len);
            }
            arrays[i] = arr;
        }
        return arrays;
    }


    public static String DefaultPubKey="MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCapIG/XijKqbesb0LC9CdmcKbnzPJMIsa6tRbIwi1FKm3GSYkzYoJWQmHYq5WxVxDosc5aj2b0wBvhQ4WwLgaaNjyC5hcIfhSwAqMFD/bqi48LA4wBrTD62sxNFBzwiOb+q/8AYQPgD6jA/mrqUvUZSNrS3TI7x9zO1FGQi7nZ1wIDAQAB";
    public static String DefaultPriKey ="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";

    public static String encrypt(String plaintext) throws Exception{
        RSAPublicKey pubKey =  RSAUtils.getPublicKey(DefaultPubKey);
        //加密后的密文
        return RSAUtils.encryptByPublicKey(plaintext, pubKey);
    }
    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] mi)throws Exception{
        RSAPrivateKey priKey =  RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(DefaultPriKey);
        //解密后的明文
        return RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey2(mi, priKey);
    }
    public static String decrypt(String mi)throws Exception{
        RSAPrivateKey priKey =  RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(DefaultPriKey);
        //解密后的明文
        return RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(mi, priKey);
    }


}
</span>