史上最全的python涉及到的json序列化和反序列化

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ziyoublog/p/9001517.html。

前后端数据传输的两种方式：  httpresponse   需要json.dumps，还需要拼接成字符串
                          jsonresponse  不需要json.dumps 序列化，传输的直接是字符串


json序列化的方式：

1. 简单序列化（ajax请求时，后端直接返回数据）
import json

result = {"password": password, "encrypt": encrypt_str}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(result), content_type="application/json")

2. 简单的序列化：
def query(request):
    users = User.objects.all().values()  #返回字典形式的QuerySet    
    json_str = json.dumps(list(users))   #将QuerySet对象转为list
    return HttpResponse(json_str)

3. 简单的序列化：
def mydefault(u):
    if isinstance(u,User):
        return {"name":u.name,'age':u.age,'salary':u.salary,'birthday':u.birthday.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}

users = list(User.objects.all())                 # 查询mysql数据库中的user->QuerySet，并转为list
user_dump = json.dumps(users,default=mydefault)

4.  简单的序列化：

def query1(request):
    user = User.objects.get(pk=1)
    def user_default(u):
        if isinstance(u,User):
            return {"name":u.name,'age':u.age,'salary':u.salary,'birthday':u.birthday.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}
    return JsonResponse(user,safe=False,json_dumps_params={"default":user_default})

def query2(request):
    users = list(User.objects.all())
    def user_default(u):
        if isinstance(u,User):
            return {"name":u.name,'age':u.age,'salary':u.salary,'birthday':u.birthday.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}
    return JsonResponse({"users":users},json_dumps_params={"default":user_default})


5.  django提供的序列化

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers

user_obj = User.objects.filter(pk=id)
json_data = serializers.serialize('json', user_obj)
json_data = json.loads(json_data)
return JsonResponse(json_data, safe=False)

6. geojson的django自带方法序列化（这个要安装geodjango）

from django.core.serializers import serialize


def distribution_geojson_by_name(request):
    name = request.GET.get('name', '')
    if len(name) != 0:
        query_set = Specimen.objects.filter(chinesename=name)
        geojson = serialize('geojson', query_set,
                            geometry_field='geom',
                            fields=('verbatimlocality',))
        return HttpResponse(geojson, content_type="application/json")


7.复杂的设计到分页的json序列化

from django.core.paginator import Paginator

def Article(request):
    	page_num = request.GET.get('page')
        row_num = request.GET.get('rows')
        print(page_num, row_num)
 

        rows = []
        chapter = Chapter.objects.all()
        all_page = Paginator(chapter, row_num)
        page = Paginator(chapter, row_num).page(page_num).object_list

        page_data = {
            "total": all_page.num_pages,
            "records": all_page.count,
            "page": page_num,
            "rows": rows
        }

        for i in page:
            rows.append(i)

        def myDefault(u):
            if isinstance(u, Chapter):
                return {'id': u.id,
                        'title': u.name,
                        'size': u.size,
                        'duration': u.duration,
                        'download_url': "不能下载",
                        "audiopath": str(u.audiopath)
                        }

        data = json.dumps(page_data, default=myDefault)

        return HttpResponse(data)


8. Redis 的序列化

import json
from redis import Redis
from datetime import datetime

red = Redis(host='192.168.134.154',port=8000)    # 连接redis数据库

def mydefault(u):
    if isinstance(u,User):
        return {"name":u.name,'age':u.age,'salary':u.salary,'birthday':u.birthday.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')}

users = list(User.objects.all())                 # 查询mysql数据库中的user->QuerySet，并转为list
user_dump = json.dumps(users,default=mydefault)  # 将model数据 转为 json字符串

print(user_dump)
red.set('userlist',user_dump)      # 将json字符串以key-value的形式存储到redis中

反序列化

反序列化过程：获取redis数据库中的数据get -> json字符串 -> 提取字符串中的数据（反序列化）  -> Model对象

def parsedefault(dic):   # u为list中的一个个dict
    # dic['birthday'] = datetime.strptime(dic['birthday'],'%Y-%m-%d')
    # dic['salary'] = Decimal(dic['salary'])
    return User(name=dic['name'],age=dic['age'],salary=dic['salary'],birthday=dic['birthday'])
    return User(**dic)  也直接可以用这个

res = red.get("userlist")  # 返回bytes 需转为str   b"xxx".decode("utf-8") -> str
results = json.loads(res.decode("utf-8"),object_hook=parsedefault)

只是从redis数据库中读出来的才需要decode()，其他的不需要decode
没有object_hook=parsedefault 也不会报错，只不过是得到的是字典，我们要转换成列表

print(results) #得到的是list类型，里面包含的是一个个model对象

9. 多个json串的拼接

 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        page_num = request.GET.get('page')
        row_num = request.GET.get('rows')
        print(page_num, row_num)
        parent_id = request.GET.get("parent_id")

        #  专辑数据

        album = Special_issue.objects.all().order_by('id')
        chapter = Chapter.objects.all().filter(reserved_field01=parent_id)

        data = {
            "page": page_num,
            "album": list(album),
            "chapter": list(chapter),
        }

        def myDefault(u):
            if isinstance(u, Chapter):
                return {'id': u.id,
                        'title': u.name,
                        'size': u.size,
                        'duration': u.duration,
                        'download_url': "不能下载",
                        "audiopath": str(u.audiopath)
                        }
            elif isinstance(u, Special_issue):
                return {'id': u.id,
                        'title': u.name,
                        "creatime": u.chapter_count,
                        "description": u.describe,
                        }

        data = json.dumps(data, default=myDefault)

        return HttpResponse(data)




///////////// 运行结果

{
    "page": "1",
    "album": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "title": "兰花草",
            "creatime": "50",
            "description": "分布范围广"
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "title": "慧",
            "creatime": null,
            "description": "身体健康，万事如意"
        }
    ],
    "chapter": [
        {
            "id": 2,
            "title": "吉祥如意",
            "size": "3.00M",
            "duration": "50",
            "download_url": "不能下载",
            "audiopath": "aud/1555750636203_撕夜.mp3"
        }
    ]
}