使用Android Studio 1.3 版本进行NDK开发

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/g707175425/article/details/47154115

众所周知Android Studio 1.3 版本新增了NDK支持,能够很方便的在上面开发C++或者C代码了,可是预览版功能不是非常完善,需要很多步骤,还有一些奇怪的BUG,整了半天终于可以使用Android Studio完美进行NDK开发了.先看下效果图:

方法:

一.首先将Android Studio更新到1.3版本:

1.检查Android Studio更新. 
 
有些人可能会遇到问题:自己版本低于1.3检查更新却提示已经是最新版本? 
那是因为更新渠道不是Beta渠道,需要先将渠道设置为Beta渠道才能更新到1.3: 
 
 
然后重新检查更新就可以更新到1.3了.

二.将gradle切换到实验版本.

根据Google官方提供的方法修改Gradle文件.(官方说法为测试版本不完善,需要手动修改Gradle文件以便兼容Gradle实验版,他们会在release版本中实现程序自动修改Gradle) 
Google原文链接:http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/gradle-experimental 
1.将Gradle更新到2.5版本. 
 
在这里将GradleVersion改为2.5 点击OK键就会开始自动更新Gradle了. 
2.Android NDK r10e ,将NDK更新到这个版本 
3.BuildTools版本要求大于19.0.0 
 
4.红色标注的3个文件是需要手动修改的文件. 
 
5.修改gradle-wrapper.properties文件内容为如下:

<code class="hljs ini has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-setting" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">distributionBase=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">GRADLE_USER_HOME</span></span>
<span class="hljs-setting" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">distributionPath=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">wrapper/dists</span></span>
<span class="hljs-setting" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">zipStoreBase=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">GRADLE_USER_HOME</span></span>
<span class="hljs-setting" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">zipStorePath=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">wrapper/dists</span></span>
<span class="hljs-setting" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">distributionUrl=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-<span class="hljs-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5</span>-all.zip</span></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li></ul>

6.修改Project(非Module)下的Gradle文件,将gradle版本改为实验版本(红色标注部分): 
(classpath ‘com.android.tools.build:gradle-experimental:0.1.0’) 
 
7.修改Module下的Gradle文件(新版Gradle语法有了很大的改变,红色标注为需要修改的部分,注意dependencies在model外面): 
在android{}外面要使用model{}来包括了,所有赋值都变为了=号,新增项变为了+=,buildTypes{},productFlavors{}和sources{}挪到了android{}外面. 

再上一份我的Module的配置:

<code class="hljs actionscript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">apply plugin: <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.model.application'</span>
model{
    android {
        compileSdkVersion=<span class="hljs-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">19</span>
        buildToolsVersion=<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"22.0.0"</span>
        defaultConfig.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">with</span> {
            applicationId = <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.example.stronghope.jnitest"</span>
            minSdkVersion.apiLevel = <span class="hljs-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>
            targetSdkVersion.apiLevel = <span class="hljs-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">19</span>
            versionCode = <span class="hljs-number" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
            versionName = <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0"</span>
        }
        tasks.withType(JavaCompile) {
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//指定编译JDK版本</span>
            sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
            targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
        }
    }
    android.ndk {
        moduleName=<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"JniTest"</span>
        ldLibs +=<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"log"</span>
        ldLibs += <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"z"</span>
        ldLibs += <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"m"</span>
        abiFilters +=<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"armeabi"</span>
        abiFilters +=<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"armeabi-v7a"</span>
        abiFilters +=<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"x86"</span>
    }
    android.buildTypes {
        release {
<span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//            isMinifyEnabled = false</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//            proguardFiles += file('proguard-rules.pro')</span>
        }
    }
}
dependencies {
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">6</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">7</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">8</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">9</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">10</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">11</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">12</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">13</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">14</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">15</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">16</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">17</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">18</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">19</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">20</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">21</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">22</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">23</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">24</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">25</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">26</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">27</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">28</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">29</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">30</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">31</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">32</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">33</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">34</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">35</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">36</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">37</li></ul>

实验版Gradle在某些机子上可能会有BUG,如果编译的时候报了如下错误,需要在android{}中添加tasks.withType指定较低的JDK编译版本(1.6或1.7): 
bad class file magic (cafebabe) or version 
最后在local.properties文件中指定NDK目录即可愉快的进行NDK开发啦: 
ndk.dir=”你的NDK目录”

三.NDK开发

1.配置Gradle中ndk编译参数(只需要在Gradle中配置,就可以完全脱离书写Android.mk和Application.mk文件来编译啦): 
ldLibs项相当于Android.mk中的LOCAL_LDLIBS参数. 
abiFilters相当于Application.mk中的APP_ABI参数. 

2.在Main文件夹下新建JNI文件夹(默认目录,如需修改可以在Gradle中指定 jni.srcDirs) 

3.定义JNI java类: 

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> JNI {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span>{
        System.loadLibrary(<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"JniTest"</span>);
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> native <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">testLog</span>();
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">6</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">7</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">8</li></ul>

4.使用javah命令生成头文件(不生成头文件也可,当C++中没有方法实现时,方法名为红色,直接在方法上alt+enter 选择create XXXX 就可以自动在C++文件中生成方法,很方便啊): 
打开cmd,cd到java目录下,使用命令: 
javah com.example.stronghope.jnitest.JNI 
生成头文件,将头文件剪切到jni目录下. 
自动生成方法: 

5.在jni目录下新建C++文件: 
JniTest.cpp 

6.引入头文件,编写C++代码: 

7.运行Android项目,在控制台得到如下输出: 

好啦一个简单的Jni程序就实现了,使用Android Studio来进行NDK开发真的非常方便!坐等release版本出来o(∩_∩)o