Schema的几个简单例子 入门

一、最基本的

<?xml version="1.0"?> <greeting>Hello World!!</greeting>

对应的Schema

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">    <xsd:element name="greeting" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:schema>

 

二、含有子元素，来个complexType

<customer>    <name>teiki</name>    <address>No.237, Road Waitan, Shanghai </address> </customer>

对应的Schema

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">    <xsd:element name="customer">       <xsd:complexType>          <xsd:sequence>             <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>             <xsd:element name="address" type="xsd:string" />          </xsd:sequence>       </xsd:complexType>    </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>

 

三、含有孙元素，直接嵌套也可，还可使用ref简化结构

<?xml version="1.0"?> <customer>    <name>Teiki</name>    <address>          <prefecture> Zhejiang </prefecture>          <city> Hangzhou </city>          <street> Xilu Road , No.121, 7F </street>    </address> </customer>

直接嵌套时的XSD

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">    <xsd:element name="customer">       <xsd:complexType>          <xsd:sequence>             <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>             <xsd:element name="address">                <xsd:complexType>                   <xsd:sequence>                      <xsd:element name="prefecture" type="xsd:string"/>                      <xsd:element name="city" type="xsd:string" />                      <xsd:element name="street" type="xsd:string" />                   </xsd:sequence>                </xsd:complexType>             </xsd:element>          </xsd:sequence>       </xsd:complexType>    </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>

使用Ref的

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">    <xsd:element name="customer">       <xsd:complexType>          <xsd:sequence>             <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>             <xsd:element ref="address"/>          </xsd:sequence>       </xsd:complexType>    </xsd:element>    <xsd:element name="address">       <xsd:complexType>          <xsd:sequence>             <xsd:element name="prefecture" type="xsd:string"/>             <xsd:element name="city" type="xsd:string" />          <xsd:element name="street" type="xsd:string" />       </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>

四、定义相同子元素的数量

maxOccurs的值可以为unbounded，最小值为minOccurs，两者的缺省值都为1

<order>        <orderItem>Accounting Book</orderItem>        <orderItem>Taxation Book</orderItem> </order>

对应的schema：

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema <xsd:element name="order">        <xsd:complexType>               <xsd:sequence>                      <xsd:element name="orderItem" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="10" />               </xsd:sequence>        </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>

 

五、定义可选项的子元素。

假如上面的订书数据中，可以用书名或者书号任一一种订购，则实例文档可能如下：

<order>        <orderItem>               <!--书名订购-->               <name>Accounting Book</name>        </orderItem>        <orderItem>               <!--书号订购-->               <id>7-5058-3496-7</id>        </orderItem> </order>

对应的schema

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">        <xsd:element name="order">               <xsd:complexType>                      <xsd:sequence>                             <xsd:element ref="orderItem" maxOccurs="10"/>                      </xsd:sequence>               </xsd:complexType>        </xsd:element>        <xsd:element name="orderItem">               <xsd:complexType>                      <xsd:choice>                             <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>                             <xsd:element name="id" type="xsd:string"/>                      </xsd:choice>               </xsd:complexType>        </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>

 

这里假定<quantity>值为1时，缺省。

<order>        <orderItem>               <name>Accounting Book</name>               <quantity>2</quantity>        </orderItem>        <orderItem>               <id>7-5058-3496-7</id>        </orderItem> </order>

对应的schema

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">        <xsd:element name="order">               <xsd:complexType>                      <xsd:sequence>                             <xsd:element ref="orderItem" maxOccurs="10"/>                      </xsd:sequence>               </xsd:complexType>        </xsd:element>        <xsd:element name="orderItem">               <xsd:complexType>                      <xsd:sequence>                             <xsd:choice>                                    <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>                                    <xsd:element name="id" type="xsd:string"/>                             </xsd:choice>                             <xsd:element name="quantity" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/>                      </xsd:sequence>               </xsd:complexType>        </xsd:element> </xsd:schema>

 

六、内置简单类型

 

七、自定义简单类型

如果内置简单类型的44种还不能满足要求，怎么办呢？下面学习自定义简单类型。(XML的扩展性充分体现在这里)

<order>        <orderItem>               <id>7-5058-3496-7</id>               <quantity>5</quantity>        </orderItem> </order>

ID是一个标准的ISBN编码，我们怎么定义这个ISBN编码呢？

<xsd:simpleType name="idType">        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">               <xsd:pattern value="/d{1}-/d{4}-/d{4}-/d{1}"/>        </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType>

idType是一个自定义的简单类型。

我们对它做了限制：

<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">代表它是基于一个字符串类型。再用pattern元素来描述该字符串的形式。value="/d{1}-/d{4}-/d{4}-/d{1}"这是一个正则表达式.

利用这个自定义的简单类型，我们可以重新写Schema文档：

<?xml version="1.0"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">        <xsd:element name="order">               <xsd:complexType>                      <xsd:sequence>                             <xsd:element ref="orderItem" maxOccurs="10"/>                      </xsd:sequence>               </xsd:complexType>        </xsd:element>        <xsd:element name="orderItem">               <xsd:complexType>                      <xsd:sequence>                             <xsd:element name="id" type="idType"/>                             <xsd:element name="quantity" type="xsd:integer"/>                      </xsd:sequence>               </xsd:complexType>        </xsd:element>        <xsd:simpleType name="idType">               <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">                      <xsd:pattern value="/d{1}-/d{4}-/d{4}-/d{1}"/>               </xsd:restriction>        </xsd:simpleType> </xsd:schema>

 

假如我们事先确定好ID只有3个，即只有3个ISBN是可选的，那怎么办？我们可以用enumeration元素来进行列举

<xsd:simpleType name="idType">        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">               <xsd:enumeration value="7-5058-3496-7"/>               <xsd:enumeration value="7-5005-6450-3"/>               <xsd:enumeration value="7-3020-6069-7"/>        </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType>

 

再来看订购量quantity的值，如果我们设定其值必须在1－10之间，该怎么办呢？可以这些自定义一个简单类型。

<xsd:simpleType name="quantityType">        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">               <xsd:minInclusive value="1"/>               <xsd:maxInclusive value="10"/>        </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType>

 

八、定义属性

 

<order>        <orderItem id="7-5058-3496-7"/> </order>

对应的schema

<xsd:element name="orderItem">        <xsd:complexType>               <xsd:sequence>　<!--空元素-->               </xsd:sequence>　               <!--定义该元素属性-->               <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>        </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element>

那么，实例文档中该属性值是必须的还是可有可无的呢？我们可以这样限制：

<xsd:attribute name="id" type="idType" use="required"/>

这里我们讲id属性类型作为一种自定义数据类型idType。而且，用attribute元素的use属性来定义是否是必须的属性。required是必须值，optional是可选值，prohibited是无属性值。

 

那么对于属性的缺省值，我们怎么定义呢？比如：

<order>

       <orderItem id="4-8443-1780-6" quantity="3"/>

</order>

我们还可以用attribute元素的另一个属性default来定义：

<xsd:attribute name="quantity" type="xsd:integer" default="1"/>

 

上面的属性我们定义我们还可以采用属性组的办法来重新改写Schema文档。

<xsd:element name="orderItem">        <xsd:complexType>               <xsd:sequence/>               <xsd:attributeGroup ref="orderItemAttributes"/>        </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:attributeGroup name="orderItemAttributes">        <xsd:attribute name="id" type="idType" use="required"/>        <xsd:attribute name="quantity" type="xsd:integer" default="1"/> </xsd:attributeGroup>