XML Schema学习笔记（二）

Data Types

1.    String Data Types

1.1            String Data Type

可包含字符、缩进、回车、tab

 

在这样的Schema定义中：

<xs:element name=”customer” type=”xs:string”/>

XML中的元素可以是这样：

<customer>John Smith</customer>

也可以是这样:

<customer>   John Smith    </customer>

XML处理器将不会修改使用的string数据类型的值

 

1.2            NormalizedString Data Type

normalizedString类型由string数据类型继承而来

normalizedString类型也包含字符，但是XML处理器将替换缩进、回车以及制表符

上面的第三个例子，将用space代替tab

 

1.3            Token Data Type

也继承自String，但XML Processor将去除feeds、carriage returns、tabs、行首空格和行尾空格、多空格。

上面的第三个例子，tab将被去除

 

1.4            String Data Types

所有从string继承的类型

Name	Description
ENTITIES
ENTITY
ID	A string that represents the ID attribute in XML (only used with schema attributes)
IDREF	A string that represents the IDREF attribute in XML (only used with schema attributes)
IDREFS
language	A string that contains a valid language id
Name	A string that contains a valid XML name
NCName
NMTOKEN	A string that represents the NMTOKEN attribute in XML (only used with schema attributes)
NMTOKENS
normalizedString	A string that does not contain line feeds, carriage returns, or tabs
QName
string	A string
token	A string that does not contain line feeds, carriage returns, tabs, leading or trailing spaces, or multiple spaces

 

1.5            可用于String数据类型的约束

ü         enumeration

ü         length

ü         maxLength

ü         minLength

ü         pattern(NMTOKENS,IDREFS和ENTITIES不能用于这种约束)

ü         whiteSpace

 

2.    Date and Time Data Types

2.1            Date Data Type

YYYY-MM-DD

schema: <xs:element name=”start” type=”xs:date”/>

xml element: <start> 2004-09-24 </start>

Time Zones

要指定时区，可以输入一个UTC日期，然后加一个Z

<start> 2002-09-24 Z</start>

或者加上正负时间差来表示时间偏移量

<start> 2002-09-24 -06:00</start>   OR   <start> 2002-09-24 +06:00</start>

 

2.2            Time Data Type

hh:mm:ss

schema: <xs:element name=”start” type=”xs:time”/>

xml element: <start>09:00:00</start>

也可能像这样：<start>09:30:10.5</start>

Time Zones

时区同上

 

2.3            DateTime Data Type

YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss  注意：T表示开始时间部分

schema: <xs:element name=”startdate” type=”xs:dateTime”/>

xml element: <start> 2002-05-30 T09:30:10.5</start>

Time Zones

直接加在最后: 2002-05-30 T09:30:10-06:00、 2002-05-30 T09:30:10+06:00

 

2.4            Duration Data Type

duration用于标识时间间隔， PnYnMnDTnHnMnS

P是必须的，用于标识是一个时间段

n表示具体的年、月、日、时、分、秒的数量

schema: <xs:element name=”period” type=”xs:duration”>

<period>P5Y</period> 五年

<period>P5Y 2M 10DT15H</period>五年两个月十天十五小时

<period>PT15H</period> 15小时，只表示时间也需加T

负时间段：

要指明一个负时间段，在前面加负号

<period>-P10D</period>   负10天

 

2.5            Date and Time Data Types

Name	Description
date	Defines a date value
dateTime	Defines a date and time value
duration	Defines a time interval
gDay	Defines a part of a date - the day (DD)
gMonth	Defines a part of a date - the month (MM)
gMonthDay	Defines a part of a date - the month and day (MM-DD)
gYear	Defines a part of a date - the year (YYYY)
gYearMonth	Defines a part of a date - the year and month (YYYY-MM)
time	Defines a time value

 

 

2.6            Restrictions On Date Data Types

ü         enumeration

ü         maxExclusive

ü         maxInclusive

ü         minExclusive

ü         minInclusive

ü         pattern

ü         whiteSpace

3.    Numeric Data Types

3.1 Decimal Data Type

Schema: <xs:element name=”prize” type=”xs:decimal”/>

xml element:

<prize>999.50</prize> 可以有个后面的0

<prize>+999.50</prize> 前面可以添加正负号

<prize>-999.50</prize>

3.2 Integer Data Type

整数，可以添加正负号

 

3.3 Numeric Data Type

Name	Description
byte	A signed 8-bit integer
decimal	A decimal value
int	A signed 32-bit integer
integer	An integer value
long	A signed 64-bit integer
negativeInteger	An integer containing only negative values ( .., -2, -1.)
nonNegativeInteger	An integer containing only non-negative values (0, 1, 2, ..)
nonPositiveInteger	An integer containing only non-positive values (.., -2, -1, 0)
positiveInteger	An integer containing only positive values (1, 2, ..)
short	A signed 16-bit integer
unsignedLong	An unsigned 64-bit integer
unsignedInt	An unsigned 32-bit integer
unsignedShort	An unsigned 16-bit integer
unsignedByte	An unsigned 8-bit integer

byte: 一个8位的带符号的整数，所以范围为-128~127（2的7次幂）

int: 32位，不同于integer

long: 64位，这时候为最大值为9223372036854775807，为19位，超过了decimal

short: 16位

 

3.4 Restrictions on Numeric Data Types

ü         enumeration

ü         fractionDigits

ü         maxExclusive

ü         maxInclusive

ü         minExclusive

ü         minInclusive

ü         pattern

ü         totalDigits

ü         whiteSpace

 

4.    Miscellaneous Data Types

其它的数据类型包括:

boolean,base64Binary,hexBinary,float,double,anyURI,QName,NOTATION

 

4.1 Boolean Data Type

可以为四个值true/false/1/0，其余均不合法

 

4.2 Binary Data Types

有两种binary类型：

base64Binary(Base64-encoded binary data)

hexBinary(hexadecimal-encoded binary data)

 

4.3 AnyURI Data Type

表示一个URI

schema: <xs:attribute name=”src” type=”xs:anyURI”/>

xml: <pic src=”http://www.w3schools.com/images/siley.gif”/>

注意：如果URI包含空格，用”% 20” 代替

 

4.4 Miscellaneous Data Types

Name	Description
anyURI
base64Binary
boolean
double
float
hexBinary
NOTATION
QName

 

 

4.5 Restrictions on Miscellaneous Data Types

ü         enumeration(boolean不能使用)

ü         length（boolean不能使用）

ü         maxLength（boolean不能使用）

ü         minLength（boolean不能使用）

ü         patter

ü         whiteSpace

 

5.    XSD Elements

Element	Explanation
all	Specifies that the child elements can appear in any order. Each child element can occur 0 or 1 time
annotation	Specifies the top-level element for schema comments
any	Enables the author to extend the XML document with elements not specified by the schema
anyAttribute	Enables the author to extend the XML document with attributes not specified by the schema
appInfo	Specifies information to be used by the application (must go inside annotation)
attribute	Defines an attribute
attributeGroup	Defines an attribute group to be used in complex type definitions
choice	Allows only one of the elements contained in the <choice> declaration to be present within the containing element
complexContent	Defines extensions or restrictions on a complex type that contains mixed content or elements only
complexType	Defines a complex type element
documentation	Defines text comments in a schema (must go inside annotation)
element	Defines an element
extension	Extends an existing simpleType or complexType element
field	Specifies an XPath expression that specifies the value used to define an identity constraint
group	Defines a group of elements to be used in complex type definitions
import	Adds multiple schemas with different target namespace to a document
include	Adds multiple schemas with the same target namespace to a document
key	Specifies an attribute or element value as a key (unique, non-nullable, and always present) within the containing element in an instance document
keyref	Specifies that an attribute or element value correspond to those of the specified key or unique element
list	Defines a simple type element as a list of values
notation	Describes the format of non-XML data within an XML document
redefine	Redefines simple and complex types, groups, and attribute groups from an external schema
restriction	Defines restrictions on a simpleType, simpleContent, or a complexContent
schema	Defines the root element of a schema
selector	Specifies an XPath expression that selects a set of elements for an identity constraint
sequence	Specifies that the child elements must appear in a sequence. Each child element can occur from 0 to any number of times
simpleContent	Contains extensions or restrictions on a text-only complex type or on a simple type as content and contains no elements
simpleType	Defines a simple type and specifies the constraints and information about the values of attributes or text-only elements
union	Defines a simple type as a collection (union) of values from specified simple data types
unique	Defines that an element or an attribute value must be unique within the scope

 

 

6.    XSD Restrictions/Facets for Datatypes

Constraint	Description
enumeration	Defines a list of acceptable values
fractionDigits	Specifies the maximum number of decimal places allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
length	Specifies the exact number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
maxExclusive	Specifies the upper bounds for numeric values (the value must be less than this value)
maxInclusive	Specifies the upper bounds for numeric values (the value must be less than or equal to this value)
maxLength	Specifies the maximum number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
minExclusive	Specifies the lower bounds for numeric values (the value must be greater than this value)
minInclusive	Specifies the lower bounds for numeric values (the value must be greater than or equal to this value)
minLength	Specifies the minimum number of characters or list items allowed. Must be equal to or greater than zero
pattern	Defines the exact sequence of characters that are acceptable
totalDigits	Specifies the exact number of digits allowed. Must be greater than zero
whiteSpace	Specifies how white space (line feeds, tabs, spaces, and carriage returns) is handled