线段树-入门

/**
 * 线段树入门
 * 问题：已知线段[2,5] [4,6] [0,7]；求点2,4,7分别出现了多少次
 * 以下代码建立的线段树用链表来保存，且树的叶子结点类似[i,i]
 * 
 * 参考链接：http://hi.baidu.com/semluhiigubbqvq/item/be736a33a8864789f4e4ad18
 * @author lijinnan
 */
public class SegmentTreeLearn {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SegmentTree tree = new SegmentTree(0, 7);
        int[][] segments = {
                {2, 5}, 
                {4, 6}, 
                {0, 7}
        };
        int[] targets = {2, 4, 7};
        for (int i = 0, len = segments.length; i < len; i++) {
            int[] segment = segments[i];
            tree.insert(segment[0], segment[1]);
        }
        for(int target : targets) {
            System.out.println(target + ":" + tree.caculateExistingTimes(target));
        }
    }



}

class SegmentTree {

    //递归定义的，因此很多操作都是递归实现
    private class Segment {
        int left;
        int right;
        int count;
        Segment leftChild;
        Segment rightChild;
    }

    private Segment root;

    public SegmentTree (int left, int right) {
        root = new Segment();
        build(root, left, right);
    }

    public void insert(int left, int right) {
        insert(root, left, right);
    }

    public int caculateExistingTimes(int target) {
        return caculateExistingTimes(root, target);
    }

    //从根节点开始查找叶子结点[target, target]，对经过的节点的count求和
    private int caculateExistingTimes(Segment root, int target) {
        int result = 0;
        while( root.left != root.right) {
            int rootMid = root.left + (root.right - root.left) / 2;
            result += root.count;
            if (target <= rootMid) {
                root = root.leftChild;
            } else if (target > rootMid) {
                root = root.rightChild;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private void build(Segment root, int left, int right) {
        root.left = left;
        root.right = right;
        if (left != right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
            root.leftChild = new Segment();
            root.rightChild = new Segment();
            build(root.leftChild, left, mid);
            build(root.rightChild, mid + 1, right);
        }
    }

    private void insert(Segment root, int left, int right) {

        int rootLeft = root.left;
        int rootRight = root.right;
        int rootMid = rootLeft + (rootRight - rootLeft) / 2;

        //匹配，出现次数加1
        if (left == rootLeft && right == rootRight) {
            root.count++;
            return;
        }

        if (right <= rootMid) {
            insert(root.leftChild, left, right);
        } else if (left > rootMid){
            insert(root.rightChild, left, right);
        } else {
            insert(root.leftChild, left, rootMid);
            insert(root.rightChild, rootMid + 1, right);
        }
    }

}