mongoDB查询文档使用

db.collection.find(query_condition, projection_field):

query_condition：查询的条件，可以设置单个条件、多个条件（and、or）、对于field可以进行类似shell编程中的关系运算符，但是并不完全相同。例如：在shell中不小于即为：$ge ，而在mongoDB中需要使用$gte。

projection_field：设定返回的field；

   自动生成的ID是必须要进行设定说明，如果不设定是默认为1则返回，设定为0，则不返回； 

   其他filed，如果都不设置即默认为1进行全部返回，如果任何field设置为1，其他字段则默认为0，不返回。

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关于查询条件使用的案例

1. 关于关系运算符：

   关于运算符的说明

   关系运算符	说明
   $eq	等于
   $ne	不等于
   $gt	大于
   $gte	不小于
   $lt	小于
   $lte	不大于

2. 依赖于上面的顺序，现在举例说明

全量的文档：

> db.localfindb.localfidb.localfdb.localdb.local.find()db.local.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }
> 
提取年龄=90的
>db.local.find({"age":{$eq:90}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
> 
> db.local.find({"age":90})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
> 

提取年龄不等于90的

> db.local.find({"age":{$ne:90}})db.local.find({"age":{$ne:90}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }
> 

提取年龄大于90的

> db.local.find({"age":{$gt:90}})db.local.find({"age":{$gt:90}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }
> 

提取年龄不小于90的

> db.local.find({"age":{$gte:90}})db.local.find({"age":{$gte:90}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }
> 
> 

提取年龄小于90的

> db.local.find({"age":{$lt:90}})db.local.find({"age":{$lt:90}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
> 

提取年龄不大于90的

> db.local.find({"age":{$lte:90}})db.local.find({"age":{$lte:90}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
> 

---

关于and条件的使用

全量文档如下：

> db.localfindb.localfidb.localfdb.localdb.local.find()db.local.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }

> db.local.find({$and:[{"age":100,"sex":"femal"}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
> 
>db.local.find({"age":100,"sex":"femal"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }

---

关于or条件的使用

全量文档如下：

> db.localfindb.localfidb.localfdb.localdb.local.find()db.local.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }

> db.local.find({$or:[{"age":70},{"sex":"man"}]})db.local.find({$or:[{"age":70},{"sex":"man"}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
> 
> 

---

关于and条件和or条件的联合使用

> db.local.find({"age":100,$or:[{"sex":"man"},{"sex":"femal"}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }

---

关于查询字段的使用样例：

1. 查询全部的文档全部的field：

   > db.local.find()
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }

   > db.local.find({},{})db.local.find({},{})
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100 }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "name" : "zhengzw", "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }
   > 

2. 查询全部文档中的两个field（显示ID）

   > db.local.find({},{"age":1,"sex":1}  )
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139d43dbae7eecd0acf51c6"), "age" : 100 }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139d4e7bae7eecd0acf51c7"), "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3b5ea30f42c635791d6"), "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d7"), "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f3deea30f42c635791d8"), "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f40dea30f42c635791d9"), "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f41bea30f42c635791da"), "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f42bea30f42c635791db"), "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "_id" : ObjectId("6139f446ea30f42c635791dc"), "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }

3. 查询全部文档中的两个field（不显示ID）

   >db.local.find({},{"_id":0,"age":1,"sex":1})
   { "age" : 100 }
   { "age" : 100, "sex" : "man" }
   { "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "age" : 90, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "age" : 70, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "age" : 100, "sex" : "femal" }
   { "age" : 110, "sex" : "femal" }
   >

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