- Redis是优秀的非关系型数据库，源码中的链表是很经典，将其提取使用
/* adlist.c - A generic doubly linked list implementation
*
* Copyright (c) 2006-2010, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
* to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "adlist.h"
/* change begin */
//#include "zmalloc.h"
#define zmalloc malloc
#define zfree free
/* change end */
/* Create a new list. The created list can be freed with
* listRelease(), but private value of every node need to be freed
* by the user before to call listRelease(), or by setting a free method using
* listSetFreeMethod.
*
* On error, NULL is returned. Otherwise the pointer to the new list. */
list *listCreate(void)
{
struct list *list;
if ((list = zmalloc(sizeof(*list))) == NULL)
return NULL;
list->head = list->tail = NULL;
list->len = 0;
list->dup = NULL;
list->free = NULL;
list->match = NULL;
return list;
}
/* Remove all the elements from the list without destroying the list itself. */
void listEmpty(list *list)
{
unsigned long len;
listNode *current, *next;
current = list->head;
len = list->len;
while(len--) {
next = current->next;
if (list->free) list->free(current->value);
zfree(current);
current = next;
}
list->head = list->tail = NULL;
list->len = 0;
}
/* Free the whole list.
*
* This function can't fail. */
void listRelease(list *list)
{
listEmpty(list);
zfree(list);
}
/* Add a new node to the list, to head, containing the specified 'value'
* pointer as value.
*
* On error, NULL is returned and no operation is performed (i.e. the
* list remains unaltered).
* On success the 'list' pointer you pass to the function is returned. */
list *listAddNodeHead(list *list, void *value)
{
listNode *node;
if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
return NULL;
node->value = value;
listLinkNodeHead(list, node);
return list;
}
/*
* Add a node that has already been allocated to the head of list
*/
void listLinkNodeHead(list* list, listNode *node) {
if (list->len == 0) {
list->head = list->tail = node;
node->prev = node->next = NULL;
} else {
node->prev = NULL;
node->next = list->head;
list->head->prev = node;
list->head = node;
}
list->len++;
}
/* Add a new node to the list, to tail, containing the specified 'value'
* pointer as value.
*
* On error, NULL is returned and no operation is performed (i.e. the
* list remains unaltered).
* On success the 'list' pointer you pass to the function is returned. */
list *listAddNodeTail(list *list, void *value)
{
listNode *node;
if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
return NULL;
node->value = value;
listLinkNodeTail(list, node);
return list;
}
/*
* Add a node that has already been allocated to the tail of list
*/
void listLinkNodeTail(list *list, listNode *node) {
if (list->len == 0) {
list->head = list->tail = node;
node->prev = node->next = NULL;
} else {
node->prev = list->tail;
node->next = NULL;
list->tail->next = node;
list->tail = node;
}
list->len++;
}
list *listInsertNode(list *list, listNode *old_node, void *value, int after) {
listNode *node;
if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
return NULL;
node->value = value;
if (after) {
node->prev = old_node;
node->next = old_node->next;
if (list->tail == old_node) {
list->tail = node;
}
} else {
node->next = old_node;
node->prev = old_node->prev;
if (list->head == old_node) {
list->head = node;
}
}
if (node->prev != NULL) {
node->prev->next = node;
}
if (node->next != NULL) {
node->next->prev = node;
}
list->len++;
return list;
}
/* Remove the specified node from the specified list.
* The node is freed. If free callback is provided the value is freed as well.
*
* This function can't fail. */
void listDelNode(list *list, listNode *node)
{
listUnlinkNode(list, node);
if (list->free) list->free(node->value);
zfree(node);
}
/*
* Remove the specified node from the list without freeing it.
*/
void listUnlinkNode(list *list, listNode *node) {
if (node->prev)
node->prev->next = node->next;
else
list->head = node->next;
if (node->next)
node->next->prev = node->prev;
else
list->tail = node->prev;
node->next = NULL;
node->prev = NULL;
list->len--;
}
/* Returns a list iterator 'iter'. After the initialization every
* call to listNext() will return the next element of the list.
*
* This function can't fail. */
listIter *listGetIterator(list *list, int direction)
{
listIter *iter;
if ((iter = zmalloc(sizeof(*iter))) == NULL) return NULL;
if (direction == AL_START_HEAD)
iter->next = list->head;
else
iter->next = list->tail;
iter->direction = direction;
return iter;
}
/* Release the iterator memory */
void listReleaseIterator(listIter *iter) {
zfree(iter);
}
/* Create an iterator in the list private iterator structure */
void listRewind(list *list, listIter *li) {
li->next = list->head;
li->direction = AL_START_HEAD;
}
void listRewindTail(list *list, listIter *li) {
li->next = list->tail;
li->direction = AL_START_TAIL;
}
/* Return the next element of an iterator.
* It's valid to remove the currently returned element using
* listDelNode(), but not to remove other elements.
*
* The function returns a pointer to the next element of the list,
* or NULL if there are no more elements, so the classical usage
* pattern is:
*
* iter = listGetIterator(list,<direction>);
* while ((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL) {
* doSomethingWith(listNodeValue(node));
* }
*
* */
listNode *listNext(listIter *iter)
{
listNode *current = iter->next;
if (current != NULL) {
if (iter->direction == AL_START_HEAD)
iter->next = current->next;
else
iter->next = current->prev;
}
return current;
}
/* Duplicate the whole list. On out of memory NULL is returned.
* On success a copy of the original list is returned.
*
* The 'Dup' method set with listSetDupMethod() function is used
* to copy the node value. Otherwise the same pointer value of
* the original node is used as value of the copied node.
*
* The original list both on success or error is never modified. */
list *listDup(list *orig)
{
list *copy;
listIter iter;
listNode *node;
if ((copy = listCreate()) == NULL)
return NULL;
copy->dup = orig->dup;
copy->free = orig->free;
copy->match = orig->match;
listRewind(orig, &iter);
while((node = listNext(&iter)) != NULL) {
void *value;
if (copy->dup) {
value = copy->dup(node->value);
if (value == NULL) {
listRelease(copy);
return NULL;
}
} else {
value = node->value;
}
if (listAddNodeTail(copy, value) == NULL) {
/* Free value if dup succeed but listAddNodeTail failed. */
if (copy->free) copy->free(value);
listRelease(copy);
return NULL;
}
}
return copy;
}
/* Search the list for a node matching a given key.
* The match is performed using the 'match' method
* set with listSetMatchMethod(). If no 'match' method
* is set, the 'value' pointer of every node is directly
* compared with the 'key' pointer.
*
* On success the first matching node pointer is returned
* (search starts from head). If no matching node exists
* NULL is returned. */
listNode *listSearchKey(list *list, void *key)
{
listIter iter;
listNode *node;
listRewind(list, &iter);
while((node = listNext(&iter)) != NULL) {
if (list->match) {
if (list->match(node->value, key)) {
return node;
}
} else {
if (key == node->value) {
return node;
}
}
}
return NULL;
}
/* Return the element at the specified zero-based index
* where 0 is the head, 1 is the element next to head
* and so on. Negative integers are used in order to count
* from the tail, -1 is the last element, -2 the penultimate
* and so on. If the index is out of range NULL is returned. */
listNode *listIndex(list *list, long index) {
listNode *n;
if (index < 0) {
index = (-index)-1;
n = list->tail;
while(index-- && n) n = n->prev;
} else {
n = list->head;
while(index-- && n) n = n->next;
}
return n;
}
/* Rotate the list removing the tail node and inserting it to the head. */
void listRotateTailToHead(list *list) {
if (listLength(list) <= 1) return;
/* Detach current tail */
listNode *tail = list->tail;
list->tail = tail->prev;
list->tail->next = NULL;
/* Move it as head */
list->head->prev = tail;
tail->prev = NULL;
tail->next = list->head;
list->head = tail;
}
/* Rotate the list removing the head node and inserting it to the tail. */
void listRotateHeadToTail(list *list) {
if (listLength(list) <= 1) return;
listNode *head = list->head;
/* Detach current head */
list->head = head->next;
list->head->prev = NULL;
/* Move it as tail */
list->tail->next = head;
head->next = NULL;
head->prev = list->tail;
list->tail = head;
}
/* Add all the elements of the list 'o' at the end of the
* list 'l'. The list 'other' remains empty but otherwise valid. */
void listJoin(list *l, list *o) {
if (o->len == 0) return;
o->head->prev = l->tail;
if (l->tail)
l->tail->next = o->head;
else
l->head = o->head;
l->tail = o->tail;
l->len += o->len;
/* Setup other as an empty list. */
o->head = o->tail = NULL;
o->len = 0;
}
/* Initializes the node's value and sets its pointers
* so that it is initially not a member of any list.
*/
void listInitNode(listNode *node, void *value) {
node->prev = NULL;
node->next = NULL;
node->value = value;
}
/* adlist.h - A generic doubly linked list implementation
*
* Copyright (c) 2006-2012, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
* to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef __ADLIST_H__
#define __ADLIST_H__
/* Node, List, and Iterator are the only data structures used currently. */
typedef struct listNode {
struct listNode *prev;
struct listNode *next;
void *value;
} listNode;
typedef struct listIter {
listNode *next;
int direction;
} listIter;
typedef struct list {
listNode *head;
listNode *tail;
void *(*dup)(void *ptr);
void (*free)(void *ptr);
int (*match)(void *ptr, void *key);
unsigned long len;
} list;
/* Functions implemented as macros */
#define listLength(l) ((l)->len)
#define listFirst(l) ((l)->head)
#define listLast(l) ((l)->tail)
#define listPrevNode(n) ((n)->prev)
#define listNextNode(n) ((n)->next)
#define listNodeValue(n) ((n)->value)
#define listSetDupMethod(l,m) ((l)->dup = (m))
#define listSetFreeMethod(l,m) ((l)->free = (m))
#define listSetMatchMethod(l,m) ((l)->match = (m))
#define listGetDupMethod(l) ((l)->dup)
#define listGetFreeMethod(l) ((l)->free)
#define listGetMatchMethod(l) ((l)->match)
/* Prototypes */
list *listCreate(void);
void listRelease(list *list);
void listEmpty(list *list);
list *listAddNodeHead(list *list, void *value);
list *listAddNodeTail(list *list, void *value);
list *listInsertNode(list *list, listNode *old_node, void *value, int after);
void listDelNode(list *list, listNode *node);
listIter *listGetIterator(list *list, int direction);
listNode *listNext(listIter *iter);
void listReleaseIterator(listIter *iter);
list *listDup(list *orig);
listNode *listSearchKey(list *list, void *key);
listNode *listIndex(list *list, long index);
void listRewind(list *list, listIter *li);
void listRewindTail(list *list, listIter *li);
void listRotateTailToHead(list *list);
void listRotateHeadToTail(list *list);
void listJoin(list *l, list *o);
void listInitNode(listNode *node, void *value);
void listLinkNodeHead(list *list, listNode *node);
void listLinkNodeTail(list *list, listNode *node);
void listUnlinkNode(list *list, listNode *node);
/* Directions for iterators */
#define AL_START_HEAD 0
#define AL_START_TAIL 1
#endif /* __ADLIST_H__ */
/* test.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "adlist.h"
// 打印链表元素的函数
void printList(list *myList)
{
listIter *iter;
listNode *node;
printf("链表元素: ");
iter = listGetIterator(myList, AL_START_HEAD);
while ((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", *(int *)listNodeValue(node));
}
printf("\n");
listReleaseIterator(iter);
}
// 设置匹配函数
int matchInt(const void *ptr, const void *key)
{
return (*(int *)ptr == *(int *)key);
}
// 查找某个值的节点，返回节点指针
listNode *findNode(list *myList, int target)
{
listNode *foundNode = listSearchKey(myList, &target);
if (foundNode != NULL)
{
printf("在链表中找到元素 %d。\n", *(int *)listNodeValue(foundNode));
}
else
{
printf("在链表中未找到元素 %d。\n", target);
}
return foundNode;
}
// 查找某个值的节点，删除所有匹配节点
listNode *findAndDeleteNodes(list *list, void *target, size_t size)
{
listNode *foundNode = listSearchKey(list, target);
while (foundNode != NULL)
{
// 删除找到的节点
listDelNode(list, foundNode);
// 继续查找下一个匹配的节点
foundNode = listSearchKey(list, target);
}
return NULL; // 返回NULL表示找不到了
}
int main()
{
// 创建一个新链表
list *myList = listCreate();
if (myList == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "创建链表错误。\n");
return 1;
}
// 向链表头部和尾部添加元素
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
{
int *value = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
if (value == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "分配内存错误。\n");
listRelease(myList);
return 1;
}
*value = i;
// 将元素添加到链表的头部和尾部
listAddNodeHead(myList, value);
listAddNodeTail(myList, value);
}
// 打印链表
printList(myList);
// 访问头部和尾部的元素
int frontValue = *(int *)listNodeValue(listFirst(myList));
int backValue = *(int *)listNodeValue(listLast(myList));
printf("链表头部元素: %d\n", frontValue);
printf("链表尾部元素: %d\n", backValue);
// 删除头部和尾部的元素
listDelNode(myList, listFirst(myList));
listDelNode(myList, listLast(myList));
// 打印链表
printList(myList);
// 在指定位置插入一个新元素
int *newValue = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
if (newValue == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "分配内存错误。\n");
listRelease(myList);
return 1;
}
*newValue = 0;
listNode *insertAfterNode = listIndex(myList, 2); // 在第三个位置后插入
listInsertNode(myList, insertAfterNode, newValue, 1);
// 打印链表
printList(myList);
// 返回元素数量
printf("链表中元素数量: %lu\n", listLength(myList));
// 检查链表是否为空
printf("链表是否为空: %s\n", listLength(myList) == 0 ? "是" : "否");
// 设置通用匹配函数
listSetMatchMethod(myList, matchInt);
// 查找某个值的节点
int targetValue = 3;
listNode *foundNode = findNode(myList, targetValue);
if (foundNode)
{
// 删除节点
listDelNode(myList, foundNode);
}
// 打印最终链表
printList(myList);
// 释放链表使用的内存
listRelease(myList);
return 0;
}
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