一.背景
我们都知道,Servlet最主要的作用就是处理客户端请求,并向客户端做出响应。
为此Servlet在加载后都会创建两个对象:
1.HttpServletRequest对象
2.HttpServletResponse对象
我们先来回顾一下浏览器访问Servlet过程:
二.HttpServletResponse接口
它继承自ServletResponse接口,作用是封装HTTP响应消息。
由于HTTP响应消息分为状态行,响应消息头,消息体三部分,所以在HttpServletResponse接口中定义了发送这三种消息的方法:
1.发送状态行相关方法:
(1)setStatus(int status)方法
该方法用于设置HTTP响应消息的状态码,并生成响应状态行。
正常情况下,Web服务器默认产生一个状态码为200的状态行。
(2)sendError(int sc)方法
该方法用于发送表示错误信息的状态码。
2.发送响应消息头的相关方法:
由于HTTP协议中的响应头字段有很多种,所以此接口提供了:
3.发送响应消息体相关方法:
在HTTP响应消息中,大量的数据都是通过响应消息体传递
此接口定义了两个相关方法:
(1)getOutputStream();方法
该方法所获取的字节输出流对象为ServletOutStream类型。
想要输出二进制格式的响应正文,就要使用此方法。
(2)getWriter();方法
该方法所获取的字符输出流对象为PrintWriter类型。
想要输出内容全为文本的网页文档,就要使用此方法。
例子:
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.omg.CORBA_2_3.portable.OutputStream;
/**
* Servlet implementation class PrintServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/PrintServlet")
public class PrintServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public PrintServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
String data="wenmuzhi";
//第一种方法
ServletOutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();
out.write(data.getBytes());
//第二种方法
//PrintWriter print=response.getWriter();
//print.write(data);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
要注意的是:这两种方法不可同时使用。
三.HttpServletRequest接口
此接口中定义了获取请求行,请求头和请求消息体的相关方法。
1.获取请求行:
2.获取消息头:
3.请求消息体:
例子:
1.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/Text/PrintServlet" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
密码: <input type="password" name="password"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2.Servlet:
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.omg.CORBA_2_3.portable.OutputStream;
/**
* Servlet implementation class PrintServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/PrintServlet")
public class PrintServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public PrintServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
//String data="wenmuzhi";
// ServletOutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();
//
// out.write(data.getBytes());
//PrintWriter print=response.getWriter();
//print.write(data);
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String name=request.getParameter("username");
String password=request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("用户名:"+name);
System.out.println("密码:"+password);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
结果: