29.3 Java进阶之通过网络传输对象

1.Java如何通过网络发送和接受对象

前面的网络学习的例子演示的只是基本数据类型的传输，但在实际的开发中，我们往往需要传输域对象（JavaBean）来进行通信。
我们可以回顾到在我们学习IO流的时候，有这样一句话：

在JavaAPI中，我们可以从字节序列来源地读入一个字节序列的对象称为输入流。字节序列的来源地可以是文件，也可以是网络，还可以是内存块等等。

所以，我们可以在套接字流上使用ObjectOutputStream和ObjectinputStream来发送和接受对象数据。

注意：传输的对象必须是可序列化的，也就是传输的对象的类定义中需要实现Serializable接口

1.1 Demo展示

代码地址：
Java基础学习/src/main/java/Progress/exa29_3 · 严家豆/Study - 码云 - 开源中国 (gitee.com)

1.1.1 JavaBean定义

import java.io.Serializable;

public class StudentAddress implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private String street;
    private String city;
    private String state;
    private String zip;

    public StudentAddress(String name ,String street,String city,String state,String zip) {
        this.name=name;
        this.street=street;
        this.city=city;
        this.state=state;
        this.zip=zip;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public String getZip() {
        return zip;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "StudentAddress{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", street='" + street + '\'' +
                ", city='" + city + '\'' +
                ", state='" + state + '\'' +
                ", zip='" + zip + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

1.1.2 服务器代码

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class StudentServer {
    private ObjectOutputStream outputFile;//声明输出流
    private ObjectInputStream inputFromClient;//声明输入流

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new StudentServer();
    }

    public StudentServer(){
        try {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8001);//设置服务器端口为8001
            System.out.println("服务器已启动");
            //输出对象流到文件student.dat（在根目录）中
            outputFile = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("student.dat",true));
            while(true) {
                //进入监听状态
                Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
                //实例化套接字对象输入流
                inputFromClient=new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
                //定义object存放输入流对象信息
                Object object = inputFromClient.readObject();
                //将信息写入文件student.dat
                outputFile.writeObject(object);
                System.out.println("接收到一个Student数据: "+object.toString());
            }
        }catch (ClassNotFoundException ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        } finally{
            try{
                inputFromClient.close();
                outputFile.close();
            }catch(Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

1.1.3 客户端代码

import Progress.exa29_3.StudentAddress;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.HPos;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class StudentClient extends Application {
    private TextField tfName=new TextField();
    private TextField tfStreet=new TextField();
    private TextField  tfCity=new TextField();
    private TextField tfState=new TextField();
    private TextField tfZip=new TextField();

    private Button btRegister=new Button("发送数据到服务器");
    String host="localhost";//定义ip地址

    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        GridPane pane=new GridPane();
        pane.add(new Label("姓名"),0,0);
        pane.add(tfName,1,0);
        pane.add(new Label("街道"),0,1);
        pane.add(tfStreet,1,1);
        pane.add(new Label("城市"),0,2);
        HBox hBox=new HBox(2);
        pane.add(hBox,1,2);
        hBox.getChildren().addAll(tfCity,new Label("州"),tfState,new Label("编码"),tfZip);
        pane.add(btRegister,1,3);
        GridPane.setHalignment(btRegister, HPos.RIGHT);

        pane.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
        tfName.setPrefColumnCount(15);
        tfStreet.setPrefColumnCount(15);
        tfCity.setPrefColumnCount(10);
        tfState.setPrefColumnCount(2);
        tfZip.setPrefColumnCount(3);
        btRegister.setOnAction(new ButtonListerner());

        Scene scene=new Scene(pane,450,200);
        primaryStage.setTitle("StudentClient");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    private class ButtonListerner implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {

        public void handle(ActionEvent e)
        {
            try{
                Socket socket=new Socket(host,8001);//定义套接字的ip和端口号

                //定义套接字的对象输出流
                ObjectOutputStream toServer=new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

                String name=tfName.getText().trim();
                String street=tfStreet.getText().trim();
                String city=tfCity.getText().trim();
                String state=tfState.getText().trim();
                String zip=tfZip.getText().trim();

                StudentAddress s=new StudentAddress(name,street,city,state,zip);
                //向对象输出流写入对象
                toServer.writeObject(s);
            }catch(IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}