想写一些关于多态,接口,抽象类方面的知识
假期的时候看《head first java》这里一直不太明白,今天想写C#笔记的时候,突然豁然开朗了
先不由分说的粘一段java代码(本来应该是C#笔记的,不过因为时间太紧就先不粘C#版的了,等有时间再补上)
public class Main {
public static void main(String [] args){
Main cur = new Main();
cur.play();
}
public void play(){
Animal dog = new Dog();
Pet dog2 = new Dog();
Animal cat = new Cat();
((Dog)dog).walk();
((Dog)dog2).sleep();
Animal tiger = new Tiger();
Animal crocodile = new Crocodile();
Other_people_wirte_function(crocodile);
Other_people_wirte_function(dog);
Other_people_wirte_function(dog2);
}
public void Other_people_wirte_function(Animal animal){
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
System.out.println("I can do something with animal");
System.out.println("But I did't care about which is Specific animal");
System.out.println("Tiger, Cat, Dog, Crocodile, all is okey");
animal.eat();
animal.sleep();
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
}
public void Other_people_wirte_function(Pet pet){
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
System.out.println("I can do something with pet");
System.out.println("But I did't care about which is Specific Pet");
System.out.println("Both Cat and Dog are okey");
pet.walk();
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
}
abstract public class Animal{
abstract public void eat();
abstract public void sleep();
public void fight(){
System.out.println("fight_EachOther");
}
}
interface Pet{
abstract public void walk();
}
public class Dog extends Animal implements Pet{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("D_eat");
}
public void sleep(){
System.out.println("D_sleep");
}
public void walk(){
System.out.println("D_walk");
}
}
public class Cat extends Animal implements Pet{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("C_eat");
}
public void sleep(){
System.out.println("C_sleep");
}
public void walk(){
System.out.println("C_walk");
}
}
public class Tiger extends Animal{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("T_eat");
}
public void sleep(){
System.out.println("T_sleep");
}
}
public class Crocodile extends Animal{
public void eat(){
System.out.println("C_eat");
}
public void sleep(){
System.out.println("C_sleep");
}
}
}
输出结果是:
一.先说一下抽象类的作用:
1.动物类是抽象类,这里很明显,为啥呢?因为如果动物类中的实现了他子类所共有的功能,不需要他的子类去分别
实现,如不需要Tiger,Dog,等再去实现’fight‘功能了。
2.但对于某些功能比如sleep,eat,因为实现方式不一样,所以需要子类去重写这个函数,抽象类中只提供模板
3.实行多态,
Animal dog = new Dog();
用一个Animal类指针,去指一个具体化的Dog实例
public void Other_people_wirte_function(Animal animal){
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
System.out.println("I can do something with animal");
System.out.println("But I did't care about which is Specific animal");
System.out.println("Tiger, Cat, Dog, Crocodile, all is okey");
animal.eat();
animal.sleep();
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
}
对于别人写的函数,别人不需要知道你具体传的参数是什么。。
并且你可以在这个函数中调用你传入具体对象的方法。。。
这个例子中,你传入dog对象,在函数中调用的animal.eat(),其实就是调用的你的dog对象的方法
二。接口的作用
1.Pet是一个接口,如果你想让Dog,Cat类同时具有Pet的特性,就要用到接口的知识了
2.如果你在Animal类中添加pet方法,无疑是给Tiger,Crocodile类也强制添加了Pet特性
3.而如果在Dog,cat类中分别实现pet方法,又显得冗余,并且没有办法使用多态了
4.并且因为一个子类不能继承两个父类,所以接口是一个很好的替代品
5.那么接口的作用是什么呢?:多态,省去重复的代码
public void Other_people_wirte_function(Pet pet){
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
System.out.println("I can do something with pet");
System.out.println("But I did't care about which is Specific Pet");
System.out.println("Both Cat and Dog are okey");
pet.walk();
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
}
同时用接口指向的dog实例,和用抽象类指向的dog实例
都可以被强制转化成Dog类指向的dog实例
Animal dog = new Dog();
Pet dog2 = new Dog();
((Dog)dog).walk();
((Dog)dog2).sleep();
三。多态的作用
1.为了提高很多程序员一起工作的效率
2.保持程序的统一性,dog,cat,tiger实例,均可以被animal类的指针指引