java核心技术 抽象类 程序清单5-4 PersonTest.java

测试类

public class PersonTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//这里就是抽象类的声明，但不能将抽象类实例化 ，实例化的是Person类的子类
//这里也证明了，父类引用可以引用，子类对象，因为父类引用的方法不会超过子类对象的方法，但反之不行   
        Person[] people = new Person[2];

        people[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
        people[1] = new Student("Maria Morris", "computer science");
//这里应该是使用了方法的重写？有想法者可留言
        for(Person p: people){
            System.out.println(p.getName()+", "+p.getDescription());
        }
    }

}

抽象类 Person类

public  abstract class Person {
    //包含一个或多个抽象方法的类被称为抽象类，由abstract关键字修饰。
    //通用的作用域和方法也放到这里，抽象类不能被实例化，但可以被声明
    public abstract String getDescription();
    private String name;

    public Person(String n){
        name = n;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
}

Employee类

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

public class Employee extends Person{

    private double salary;
    private Date hireDay;

    public Employee(String n,double s,int year,int month,int day){
        super(n);
        salary = s;
        GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year,month-1,day);
        hireDay = calendar.getTime();
    }
    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }

    public Date getHireDay(){
        return hireDay;
    }
    //重写父类方法，返回一个格式化的字符串
    public String getDescription(){
        return String.format("an employee with a salary of $%.2f", salary);
    }
}

Student类

public class Student extends Person{

    private String major;

    public Student(String n,String m){
        super(n);
        major = m;
    }

    public String getDescription(){
        return "a student majoring in "+major;
    }
}

运行结果：
Harry Hacker, an employee with a salary of $50000.00
Maria Morris, a student majoring in computer science