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过滤器书写步骤
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1.创建类实现接口——DemoFilter implements Filter
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2.过滤任务要写在doFilter方法中
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3.在web.xml中配置
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FilterDemo.java
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import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.*; public class FilterDemo implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("----过滤器初始化----"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { System.out.println("FilterDemo01执行前!!!"); chain.doFilter(request, response); //让目标资源执行,放行 System.out.println("FilterDemo01执行后!!!"); } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("----过滤器销毁----"); } }
写Servlet(也可以不写,不写的话就不用在web.xml中配置)
MyServlet.java
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println("<html>" + "<body>" + "HelloWorld"
+ "</body>" + "</html>");
}
}
web.xml中的过滤器配置元素
1.声明过滤器。2.将过滤器映射到你想过滤的Web资源。3.组织这些映射,创建过滤器调用序列。
(有servlet的写法)
<filter>
<filter-name>FilterDemo01</filter-name>
<filter-class>FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>FilterDemo01</filter-name>
<servlet-name>MyServlet01</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>MyServlet01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>MyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>MyServlet01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
(无servlet写法)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4">
<filter>
<filter-name>FilterDemo01</filter-name>
<filter-class>FilterDemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>FilterDemo01</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
实验
- 用过滤器实现 如果用户访问的不是登陆页面,强行跳转到登陆页面
- 思路:
- request有一个方法getRequestURI(),可以得到用户请求的URI
- String有一个方法indexOf(参数),可以判断参数是否在该String中。
- 综上,登陆页面的字符串,如果存在,过滤器就放行,让用户的请求继续执行。否则,过滤器把该请求过滤掉,转向登陆页面。
FilterDemo.java(xml同上)
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class FilterDemo implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("----beginning----");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
System.out.println("before FilterDemo01");
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
int pos = uri.indexOf("login");
System.out.println("pose:" + pos);
if(pos>0){
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}else{
res.sendRedirect("login.html");
}
System.out.println("after FilterDemo01");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("----destory----");
}
}
实验过程中的问题
页面一直报错:此网页包含重定向循环
看了tomcat窗口一直循环“before FilterDemo01”和“after FilterDemo01” ,一直在过滤器中没有到达跳转页面
原因: int pos = uri.indexOf("hello"); pos取了“hello”的位置,但跳转之后的也没有,所以一直循环,
改成int pos = uri.indexOf("login"); 解决