使用ContentProvider共享数据
当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
当应用需要通过ContentProvider对外共享数据时,第一步需要继承ContentProvider并重写下面方法:
public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider{
public boolean onCreate()
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values)
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
public String getType(Uri uri)}
第二步需要在AndroidManifest.xml使用<provider>对该ContentProvider进行配置,为了能让其他应用找到该ContentProvider , ContentProvider 采用了authorities(主机名/域名)对它进行唯一标识,你可以把 ContentProvider看作是一个网站(想想,网站也是提供数据者),authorities 就是他的域名:
<manifest .... >
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<provider android:name=".PersonContentProvider" android:authorities="com.jbridge.provider.personprovider"/>
</application>
</manifest>
注意:一旦应用继承了ContentProvider类,后面我们就会把这个应用称为ContentProvider(内容提供者)。
Uri介绍
Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1》需要操作的ContentProvider ,2》对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:
ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定, scheme为:content://
ContentProvider示例程序
我们为《Android之SQlite存储》示例程序添加一个ContentProvider,供其他应用来访问我们的数据。
1.为SQLite示例程序添加ContentProvider类
package com.jbridge.db;
import com.jbridge.service.DataBaseOpenHelper;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.text.TextUtils;
public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
private DataBaseOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;
private static final int ALLPERSON = 1;
private static final int PERSON = 2;
private static final UriMatcher sMatcher = new UriMatcher(
UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static {
sMatcher.addURI("com.jbridge.provider.personprovider", "person",
ALLPERSON);
sMatcher.addURI("com.jbridge.provider.personprovider", "person/#",
PERSON);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count = 0;
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
count=db.delete("person", selection,selectionArgs);
break;
case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
long personid=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
//防止他输入时String selection, String[] selectionArgs参数为空,这样就会修改表的所有数据了
String where=TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"personid=?":selection+" and personid=?";
String[] params=new String[]{String.valueOf(personid)};
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)&&selectionArgs!=null) {
params=new String[selectionArgs.length+1];
for (int i=0;i<selectionArgs.length;i++) {
params[i]=selectionArgs[i];
}
params[selectionArgs.length]=String.valueOf(personid);
}
count = db.delete("person", where,params);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
}
return count;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case ALLPERSON:// //数据集的MIME类型字符串则应该以vnd.android.cursor.dir/开头
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/personprovider.person";
case PERSON://单一数据的MIME类型字符串应该以vnd.android.cursor.item/开头
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/personprovider.person";
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
}
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
long id = 0;
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
id = db.insert("person", "name", values);// 返回值是记录的行号,主键为int实际上就是主键值,主键为text则为行号
return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);
case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
id = db.insert("person", "name", values);// 返回值是记录的行号,主键为int实际上就是主键值,主键为text则为行号
String path = uri.toString();
return Uri.parse(path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf("/")) + id);
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
dbOpenHelper=new DataBaseOpenHelper(this.getContext());
return false;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
String sortOrder) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
return db.query("person",projection, selection, selectionArgs,null, null, sortOrder);
case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
long personid=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
//防止他输入时String selection, String[] selectionArgs参数为空,这样就会修改表的所有数据了
String where=TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"personid=?":selection+" and personid=?";
String[] params=new String[]{String.valueOf(personid)};
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)&&selectionArgs!=null) {
params=new String[selectionArgs.length+1];
for (int i=0;i<selectionArgs.length;i++) {
params[i]=selectionArgs[i];
}
params[selectionArgs.length]=String.valueOf(personid);
}
return db.query("person",projection, where, params,null, null, sortOrder);
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
}
}
@Override
//返回值为影响的记录数
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count = 0;
switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
count = db.update("person", values, selection,selectionArgs);
break;
case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
long personid=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
//防止他输入时String selection, String[] selectionArgs参数为空,这样就会修改表的所有数据了
String where=TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"personid=?":selection+" and personid=?";
String[] params=new String[]{String.valueOf(personid)};
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)&&selectionArgs!=null) {
params=new String[selectionArgs.length+1];
for (int i=0;i<selectionArgs.length;i++) {
params[i]=selectionArgs[i];
}
params[selectionArgs.length]=String.valueOf(personid);
}
count = db.update("person", values, where,params);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
}
return count;
}
}
2.添加ContentProvider配置
<provider android:name=".PersonContentProvider" android:authorities="com.jbridge.provider.personprovider" android:permission="android.permission.READ_PERSON_DB"/> |
3.测试SQLite示例程序的ContentProvider,建立项目contentProviderUser
Project name: contentProviderUser
BuildTarget:Android2.2
Application name: 内容使用者
Package name: com.jbridge.user
Create Activity: ContentProviderUserActivity
Min SDK Version:8
package com.jbridge.user;
import android.R.string;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.util.Log;
public class ContentProviderUserActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG="ContentProviderUserActivity";
/* @Override
//向数据库插入数据
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person");
ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "刘德华");
values.put("age",(short)55);
contentResolver.insert(uri, values);
}*/
/* @Override
//向数据库修改数据
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/4");
ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "haha");
values.put("age",(short)55);
contentResolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
}*/
/*@Override
//向数据库删除数据
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person");
contentResolver.delete(uri, "personid>?",new String[]{String.valueOf(18)} );
// contentResolver.delete(uri,null,null );
}*/
/*@Override
//向数据库查询数据
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person");
Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(uri, new String[]{"personid","name","age"}, null, null, "personid desc");
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
Log.i(TAG, "personid "+cursor.getInt(0));
}
cursor.close();
}*/
@Override
//向电话本取得数据
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI,null, null, null, null);
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
int contactID=cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
String name=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));
Log.i(TAG, "contactid="+contactID+",name="+name);
Cursor phones=contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID+"="+contactID,null, null);
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
while (phones.moveToNext()) {
String phoneNumber=phones.getString(phones.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
sb.append(phoneNumber).append(",");
}
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.lastIndexOf(","));
phones.close();
Log.i(TAG, sb.toString());
Cursor emails = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_URI,
null,
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTACT_ID + " = " + contactID,
null, null);
while (emails.moveToNext()) {
// This would allow you get several email addresses
String emailAddress = emails.getString(emails.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA));
Log.i(TAG, "emailAddress="+ emailAddress);
}
emails.close();
cursor.close();
}
}
}
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PERSON_DB"/>