MEF的一点理解

0.我例子的工程结构

1.首先在程序启动时拿到要动态加载dll所在的目录。WepApplication中的Global.asax文件中：

public static DirectoryCatalog Catalog;
        protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LoadProviderCatalog();
        }
        private void LoadProviderCatalog()
        {
            string assemblyPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AssemblyFolder"].ToString();
            assemblyPath = Path.Combine(HostingEnvironment.MapPath("~/"), assemblyPath);

            Catalog = new DirectoryCatalog(assemblyPath);
        }

2.在使用MEF目录进行导出部件托管的时候，在某些需求下或许只需要其中的一个部件，这种情况可以通过遍历部件集合得到。然而MEF也为此提供了一种解决方案，那就是使用目录过滤筛选功能。MEF中的ComposablePartCatalog类和INotifyComposablePartCatalogChanged接口就是专门用来实现目录筛选的，可以如下代码段中演示的对目录过滤的封装。

public sealed class FilteredCatalog : ComposablePartCatalog
    {
        private readonly ComposablePartCatalog _inner;
        private readonly INotifyComposablePartCatalogChanged _innerNotifyChange;
        private readonly IQueryable<ComposablePartDefinition> _partsQuery;

        public FilteredCatalog(
                               ComposablePartCatalog inner,
                               Expression<Func<ComposablePartDefinition, bool>> expression)
        {
            _inner = inner;
            _innerNotifyChange = inner as INotifyComposablePartCatalogChanged;
            _partsQuery = inner.Parts.Where(expression);
        }

        public override IQueryable<ComposablePartDefinition> Parts
        {
            get
            {
                return _partsQuery;
            }
        }
    }

3.MEF中提供了一个专门用于目录过滤筛选的元数据特性PartMetadata，要进行目录部件的筛选过滤就需要通过PartMetadata特性的标注，MEF容器才能进行正确的装配。

public interface ILogger
    {
        string WriteLog();
    }

    [Export(typeof(ILogger))]
    [PartMetadata("AssemblyName", "TXTLogger")]
    public class TXTLogger:ILogger
    {
        public string WriteLog() 
        {
            return "TXTLogger";
        }
    }

    [Export(typeof(ILogger))]
    [PartMetadata("AssemblyName", "DebugLogger")]
    public class DebugLogger : ILogger
    {
        public string WriteLog()
        {
            return "DebugLogger";
        }
    }

4.通过上面的封装，使用目录过滤功能之需要传入正确的筛选表达式就可以了，按照MEF中的约定其筛选表达式应如下格式

public static ILogger GetLoggerInstance(string assemblyName) 
        {
            var container = new CompositionContainer(Global.Catalog);
            var filteredCatalog = new FilteredCatalog(
                Global.Catalog,
                (def) => ValidateAssemblyName(def, assemblyName));
            var subContainer = new CompositionContainer(filteredCatalog, container);

            ILogger logger = subContainer.GetExportedValueOrDefault<ILogger>();
            return logger;
        }

        private static bool ValidateAssemblyName(ComposablePartDefinition def, string assemblyName)
        {
            if (def.Metadata.ContainsKey("AssemblyName"))
            {
                if (def.Metadata["AssemblyName"] != null)
                {
                    List<string> assemblyNames = new List<string>(def.Metadata["AssemblyName"].ToString().Split(','));
                    return assemblyNames.Contains(assemblyName);
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

5.下面是代码块演示了如何从目录中筛选出元数据名称为"TXTLogger"以及为"DebugLogger"的ILogger的实例

ILogger TXTLogger = Utility.GetLoggerInstance("TXTLogger");
ILogger DebugLogger = Utility.GetLoggerInstance("DebugLogger");

6.Build工程后，将dll拷贝到我们指定的文件夹地下，只需要在build event的post-build events command line中加上这样一句话（不过需要当前的工程引用了这两个工程才可以）：

if EXIST "$(ProjectDir)bin\AssemblyFolder" del /F /S /Q "$(ProjectDir)bin\AssemblyFolder"
          robocopy "$(ProjectDir)bin" "$(ProjectDir)bin\AssemblyFolder" "*.HostMEFPartmetadata.*.*" /mov /xf "*.HostMEFPartmetadata.dll" "*.HostMEFPartmetadata.pdb"
          set errorlevel = 0
          echo "moved provider files to $(ProjectDir)bin\AssemblyFolder"