java序列化

应用场景:
		rpc框架中数据传输
常见的序列化方式:
		Java原生序列化、xml、json、hessian、protobuffer、avro...

以下演示Java原生序列化方式:
Java原生序列化缺点:
	1.序列化数据比较大
	2.无法跨语言传输

序列化前提 必须实现Serializable接口

public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2155397842970858163L;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

import java.io.*;

public class SerializableDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        User user=new User();
        user.setName("cc");
        user.setAge(18);
      	//流的方式
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream=new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
        objectOutputStream.writeObject(user);
        byte[] bytes = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
        ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream=new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream=new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
        User user1= (User) objectInputStream.readObject();
        System.out.println(user1);//User{name='cc', age=18}
    }
}

原理分析

• serialVersionUID 相当于该类的指纹 如果序列化与反序列化的时候，该值不对，会抛出InvalidClassException

• transient关键字

  user上加上:
  private transient String sex;
  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
          User user=new User();
          user.setName("cc");
          user.setSex("男");
          user.setAge(18);
          ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
          ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream=new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
          objectOutputStream.writeObject(user);
          byte[] bytes = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
          ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream=new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
          ObjectInputStream objectInputStream=new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
          User user1= (User) objectInputStream.readObject();
          System.out.println(user1);//User{name='cc', age=18, sex='null'}
      }
  
  会发现sex字段无法被序列化
    解决方案:
  在user类中增加:
  		private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
          in.defaultReadObject();
          sex=(String) in.readObject();
      }
  
      private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream out)throws IOException {
          out.defaultWriteObject();
          out.writeObject(sex);
      }
  原因:Java序列化时会默认调用readObject和writeObject方法
    此时再次执行main方法:
  执行结果:User{name='cc', age=18, sex='男'}